Displaying items by tag: Clinker
Update on Saudi Arabia, May 2023
24 May 2023Sinoma International Engineering was revealed this week as the winner of a contract to build a new production line at Southern Province Cement’s Jizan plant. The China-based engineering firm said that the US$330m contract was to build a full line, from limestone crushing to bagging, with an output of 5000t/day. The construction period is expected to take just over two years, suggesting a commissioning date in mid-2025 if work starts now. The project has been in the pipeline for a while with an announcement in mid-2021. It was previously reported that the new line is intended to replace the two existing production lines at the site once completed.
Other recent projects in the country include Yamama Cement’s plans to move its cement plant near Riyadh to a new location. Sinoma International Engineering was also selected as the main contractor in November 2022 for the US$220m project. The relocated line – using both old and new equipment – will have a production capacity of 10,000t/yr. Project duration was estimated at around two-and-a half years following financial contractual commitments. So the earliest this one might be completed is also mid-2025. Eastern Province Cement also started making moves to build a new major upgrade in March 2023 when it started the tendering process for a planned 10,000t/day production line at its Al Khursaniyah Plant. The intention is to replace some of the obsolete lines at the unit. The project dates back to 2015, when it was first announced.
Graph 1: Domestic cement sales and clinker exports in Saudi Arabia, 2013 – 2022. Source: Yamama Cement
The timing of these new projects is compelling given that sales by the local industry peaked in 2015. They declined in 2018 to a low of around 40Mt before stabilising at around 50Mt for the last three years. However, one trend to note is how clinker exports reached 7.1Mt in 2022, the highest figure in a decade, since export rules were relaxed in 2017. They have grown year-on-year since 2018 with the exception of 2020. Cement exports have been lower since 2013 hitting a high of 1.9Mt in 2019, although 2022 was nearly as good at 1.8Mt.
The other big news story from the local sector in 2023 was the US$37m fine that the General Authority for Competition (GAC) levied for price fixing in April 2023. 14 of the 17 main cement companies in the country were found to have broken local competition law following an investigation. Detail on specifically what happened is light, but the GAC said that it took exception to companies “controlling prices of commodities and services meant for sale by increasing, decreasing, fixing their prices or in any other manner detrimental to lawful competition.”
As ever with the Saudi construction market, government spending is expected to keep things buoyant. Although input and logistic costs have risen like everywhere else, energy costs have also risen. This, no doubt, is useful to a government planning on building a bunch of so-called ‘Giga’ projects. Local sales of cement may have dipped slightly in 2022 but building all these big new projects will require plenty of cement. A report by the SICO Bank in January 2023 forecast that local cement demand was expected to remain ‘flat’ in 2023 but that it would grow by 5% year-on-year in 2024. Interestingly, it added that demand from the tourism and exhibition sector would also fuel demand in the run-up to 2030 as various schemes connected to the ‘Giga’ projects reached fruition.
Each of the three projects detailed above are intended to replace existing capacity. This suggests that none of these companies expect the market to grow significantly anytime soon. These cement producers are likely to be focusing on improving efficiencies from their existing market share. Alongside this, exports of cement and clinker have grown, giving combined local and export sales that are similar to the market peak in 2015. Efficiency savings and adapting to a mature market appear to be the way forward for Saudi cement producers in the near-term.
India: The government of Andhra Pradesh broke ground on the construction of the 35.1Mt/yr-capacity Machilipatnam Port in Krishna District on 22 May 2023. The New Indian Express newspaper has reported that the project is scheduled for completion in mid-2025. When operational, the Port will handle despatches of cement and clinker by local producers.
Iraq: Najmat Al Samawa Company for Cement Manufacturing (NASCCM) plans to build a new 1.82Mt/yr clinker line at its Samawa cement plant. When commissioned, the new line will more than double the plant's clinker capacity to 3Mt/yr. Pakistan Company News has reported that the expanded plant will secure a supply of clinker for the producer's Basra grinding plant.
NASCCM is a joint venture of Al Shumookh Group and Pakistan-based Lucky Cement.
Qizilqumsement to upgrade Qizilqum cement plant
12 May 2023Uzbekistan: United Cement Group subsidiary Qizilqumsement says that it has awarded contracts for the upgrade of Lines 1 and 2 at its Qizilqum cement plant in Navoiy Region. Uzbekistan Newsline has reported that the producer has completed testing to ascertain the lines' parameters of operation, fuel and energy consumption and output. This will inform its decisions, with a view to reducing the cost of clinker production.
Qizilqumsement is currently in the process of building the Qizilqum plant's new 767,000t/yr Line 4, which will also increase its clinker capacity by 657,000t/yr. The producer expects this to lower the cost of its clinker production by 30%.
Fiji: A court has ordered Pacific Cement, Tengy Cement and haulage contractor RPA Group to pay damages to Fiji Fish Marketing Group for creating a nuisance. The Fiji Times newspaper has reported that the court found that the cement importers emitted dust during the unloading of clinker, which caused Fiji Fish to incur a loss. The damages amounted to US$900,000.
Pakistan: Thatta Cement recorded a 33% year-on-year rise in its sales during the first nine months of the 2023 financial year. It attributed the growth to a rise in cement prices. During the period, the company sold 320,000t of cement, down by 11% from 360,000t. It produced 324,000t of cement, down by 10% from 358,000t, and 309,000t of clinker, up by 18% from 262,000t. Throughout the reporting period, Thatta Cement recorded a clinker capacity utilisation of 62%, up from 53% in the corresponding period in the 2022 financial year.
Vietnam Cement Association lobbies government to stop new cement plant project licences
17 March 2023Vietnam: The Vietnam Cement Association (VCA) has urged the government to stop issuing licences for the construction of new cement plants. Capacity is currently projected to reach 121Mt/yr in 2023, 188% of an estimated consumption of 64.3Mt domestically this year.
VCA chair Nguyen Quang Cung said “We must be careful to maintain a balance between regional supply and demand. As a result of the severe overstock in the north, it is crucial to encourage cement producers in the south to spend more on increasing clinker production capacity." Cung added "This will minimise the environmental effects of shipping clinker between the north and south.”
Algeria: Groupe des Ciments d'Algéries (GICA) says that it exported 350,000t of clinker produced at its Chlef cement plant over the period between 1 January and 14 March 2023. Local press has reported that the producer aims to export a total of 2Mt of clinker throughout 2023. It is currently on track to reach 1.75Mt, 13% short of its target, but 17% greater than its 1.5Mt exported in 2022. The company despatched the clinker from the ports of Oran and Tenès, to customers in Africa, Europe and South and Central America. It would now like to begin delivering its clinker to Syria and Türkiye in order to help facilitate rebuilding efforts there in the wake of the catastrophic February 2023 earthquake.
Update on Kenya, March 2023
08 March 2023National Cement is preparing to open its new integrated West Pokot plant in September 2023. Readers may recall that the long-running project was taken over by Devki Group from Cemtech and Sanghi Industries after the Competition Authority of Kenya (CAK) gave it permission to do so in 2019. The original feasibility report by the Kerio Valley Development Authority dates back to 2010. The new plant will have a production capacity of 2.5Mt/yr.
However, this isn’t the only new clinker production capacity that Devki Group, which sells cement under the Simba Cement brand, is preparing to commission. Local media also reports that the company is also preparing to restart the former Athi River Mining Cement integrated plant at Bondora in Kaloleni, Kilifi County. After five months of trial runs the unit should be ready for full operation from April 2023. Devki Group also picked up this plant in 2019 following the long breakup of ARM Cement, after the latter producer entered financial administration back in mid-2018.
Devki Group started out in the steel sector but it has been steadily carving out a presence in the cement industry. The group opened its first cement grinding plant in 2013 and then built a 1.95Mt/yr integrated plant in Kajiado County, south of Nairobi, in 2018. Once the West Pokot plant is commissioned, the company will reportedly have a clinker production capacity of 7.5Mt/yr from three plants.
This kind of growth is making waves in the local cement sector. Since Global Cement Weekly covered the situation in September 2022 (GCW576), an argument has been brewing in Kenya over whether the country should import clinker or manufacture more of its own. This has moved to lobbying the government on whether the duty on imports of clinker should rise from 10% to 25%. Unsurprisingly, the country’s largest clinker producer, National Cement, even before the new plants are operational, has been a major advocate for putting up the import tariff. This carried over into 2023, when local press revealed the minutes of a meeting between the State Department of Industry and the Kenya Association of Manufacturers (KAM), with input from the cement producers. Rai Cement, Bamburi Cement, Savannah Cement, Ndovu Cement and Riftcot were all against raising the tariff, saying that it would enable the largest clinker producers, National Cement and Mombasa Cement, to dominate the market. However, unlike the last such meeting, Mombasa Cement was said to be non-committal on the proposal to increase the duty. Despite the disagreement over the tariff, all of the cement companies imported clinker in 2021.
Graph 1: Rolling annual cement production in Kenya, 2019 - October 2022. Source: Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS).
Rolling annual cement production in Kenya peaked at just over 10Mt in May and June 2022. Data from the Kenya National Bureau of Statistics (KNBS) shows that monthly production started to fall on a year-on-year basis from July 2022. This is likely to be connected to the elections that took place in August 2022, although wider economic trends such as inflation and high input material prices may not have helped either. Despite this, cement production rose by 5% year-on-year to 8.02Mt in the first 10 months of 2022 from 7.65Mt in the same period in 2021.
Other recent news of note in Kenya includes the restart of clinker production at East African Portland Cement’s (EAPC) Athi River Plant in mid-2022. The upgrade was conducted as part of a general five-year upgrade and expansion campaign by the company. The next steps were announced in January 2023 with a stated intention to consider entering markets in the Democratic Republic of Congo and Rwanda. The other story of note was in December 2022, when China-based Sinoma International Engineering announced that it had signed a deal with Savannah Cement to build a new 8000t/day clinker production line with a 2400t/day cement grinding unit, a 35MW captive power unit and a 13MW waste heat recovery unit. As is standard for Sinoma’s new contract releases, it said that the contract would become active once an “advance payment guarantee” had been received. Later in December 2022 the Kenya High Court intervened to stop two creditors from seizing assets from Savannah Cement and putting it into administration, although the court did acknowledge the company’s debts and a loan repayment default. In January 2023 Mauritius-based Barak Asset Recovery, another related creditor, was approved by the competition regulator to buy a majority stake in Savannah Cement. The current state of that new production line is unknown.
As the two stories above show, it is not just National Cement that is trying to move towards increased clinker production in Kenya. The whole situation is reminiscent of the time before Nigeria declared itself self-sufficient in cement in the early 2010s. Local producers became prominent and the market battle between producers and importers became public. Kenya’s range of different cement companies seem to be more diverse than Nigeria’s were, but a similar type of national interest argument may be rolled out by one side. The other parallel to note with Nigeria is that Dangote Cement is said to have attempted to buy National Cement previously and has also been trying to build its own plant in the country since the mid-2010s. Kenya’s demographics and location make it a prime place for this kind of producer-importer tussle. Let’s wait and see how much the situation has changed when the new plants open over the next six months.
Pakistan: Thatta Cement produced 211,000t of cement during the first half of 2023 financial year, up by 3.7% year-on-year from 204,000t during the first half of 2022 financial year. Its clinker production rose by 55% to 190,000t from 122,000t. The producer despatched 215,000t of cement, up by 4.7% year-on-year from 205,000t. Its despatches of clinker fell to 0t from 4990t.
Thatta Cement said "During the period under review, persistent political instability and indecisive monetary measures have left the business to face gross challenges. Recent floods brought on by extremely strong monsoon rains have damaged the national infrastructure and created a food crisis. The catastrophic flood has killed thousands of people, besides flooding one-third of the country. This has further compounded the agony of an economy which has already been struggling for its survival due to ever increasing current account deficit, sharply rising inflation rate and massive rupee devaluation."