Displaying items by tag: Ożarów
The European Union’s (EU) verified CO2 emissions figures were released earlier this week on 1 April 2019. The good news is that no cement plant is within the top 100 largest emitters. All the top spots are held by power plants, iron and steel producers and the odd airline. Indeed, out of all of the verified emissions, cement clinker or lime production only represents 7% of the total emissions. Of course this is too much if the region wants to meet its climate change commitments but it is worth remembering that other industries have a long way to go as well and they don’t necessarily face the intrinsic process challenges that clinker production has. If the general public or governments are serious about cutting CO2 emissions then they might consider, for example, taking fewer flights with airlines before picking on the cement industry.
The EU emitted 117Mt of CO2 from its clinker and lime producers in 2018, a 2.7% year-on-year decrease compared to 120Mt in 2017. This compares to 158Mt in 2008, giving a 26% drop in emissions over the decade to 2018. However, there are two warnings attached to this data. First, there are plants on this list that have closed between 2008 and 2018. Second, there are plants that provided no data in 2018, for example, all the plants in Bulgaria. Climate change think tank Sandbag helpfully pointed out in its analysis of the EU emissions data that industrial emissions have barely decreased since 2012. The implication here being that the drop from 2008 to 2012 was mainly due to the economic recession. Sandbag also made the assertion that 96% of the cement industry’s emissions were covered by free allocations in the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) thereby de-incentivising sector willingness to decarbonise.
By country the emissions in 2018 from cement and lime roughly correspond with production capacity, although this comes with the caveat that emissions link to actual production not potential capacity. So, Germany leads followed by Spain, Italy, Poland and France. Of these Poland is a slight outlier, as will be seen below.
Plant | Company | Country | CO2 Emissions (Mt) |
Górazdze Plant | Górazdze Cement (Heidelberg Cement) | Poland | 2.73 |
Rørdal Plant | Aalborg Portland Cement | Denmark | 2.19 |
Ozarów Plant | Grupa Ozarow (CRH) | Poland | 2.01 |
Slite Plant | Cementa (HeidelbergCement) | Sweden | 1.74 |
Kamari Plant | Titan Cement | Greece | 1.7 |
Warta Plant | Cementownia Warta | Poland | 1.55 |
Volos Plant | Heracles General Cement (LafargeHolcim) | Greece | 1.27 |
Vassiliko Cement Plant | Vassiliko Cement | Cyprus | 1.21 |
Małogoszcz Plant | Lafarge Cement Polska (LafargeHolcim) | Poland | 1.18 |
Kujawy w Blelawach Plant | Lafarge Cement Polska (LafargeHolcim) | Poland | 1.15 |
Table 1: Top 10 CO2 emitting plants in the European Union in 2018. Source: European Commission.
Poland leads the count in the top 10 EU CO2 emitting cement plants in 2018 with five plants. Greece follows with two plants. This list is deceptive as all of these plants are large ones with production capacities of 2Mt/yr and above. As it contains many of the largest plants in the EU no wonder the emissions are the highest. It is also worth considering that there are far larger plants outside of the EU.
In summary, as most readers will already know, the cement industry is a significant minority CO2 emitter in the EU. Countries with larger cement sectors emit more CO2 as do larger plants. So far, so obvious. Emissions are down since 2008 but this mostly seems to have stalled since 2012, bar a blip in 2017. The change though has been the rising carbon price in the EU ETS in 2018. Coincidentally the carbon price has been fairly low and stable since 2012. If the mechanism is working properly then changes should start to appear in 2019. Already in 2018 a few European cement producers announced plant closures and blamed the carbon price. Watch this space.
Court confirms fine by Polish competition body
12 April 2018Poland: The court of appeal has supported a decision by the Office for Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) in 2009 to fine six cement producers for cartel-like behaviour. However, the total fine has been reduced by one third to Euro67m from Euro98.3m, according to the Polish News Bulletin.
Grupa Ozarow is to pay Euro22.1m, Cemex Polska Euro16.6m, Gorazdze Cement Euro12.3m, Dyckerhoff Polska Euro7.51m, Cementownia Warta Euro5.55m and Cementownia Odra Euro2.87m. Some companies had their fines reduced by the court of appeal. Dyckerhoff will pay Euro7.5m instead of Euro13m and Cemex Polska will pay Euro5.88 less than the original fine. Some of the companies involved are considering appealing to the Supreme Court.
Poland: A blueprint for the rest of Europe?
21 October 2015Gorazdze Cement has been approved this week by the local authorities to buy Duda Kruszywa and Duda Beton. Aggregate and concrete acquisitions are outside the remit of this column, but Poland still deserves attention as a European country that has seen construction growth in recent years.
Approval by the Polish Competition and Consumer Protection Office (UOKiK) for the Gorazdze purchase is relevant due to cartel fines that were issued to seven cement companies, including Gorazdze Cement, in 2013. At that time Lafarge had its fine absolved, Gorazdze's was reduced but the other producers had to pay 10% of their annual turnover. As part of the Duda purchase, Gorazdze is expected to sell a concrete unit in Olszowa to avoid market overlap.
Polish cement production hit a high of 18.6Mt in 2011 according to Polish Cement Association (SPC) data. In its annual report for 2011, Lafarge attributed the surge to European Union (EU) funding for infrastructure projects and a deficit in housing. The multinational cement producer reported a 27% increase in domestic sales that year. Since then production fell to a low of 14.5Mt in 2013 before picking up. Cement production for the first nine months of 2015 is a little ahead of 2014 year-on-year.
Poland's cement production capacity is 16.8Mt/yr. The industry comprises 11 cement plants that are run by eight producers. As mentioned in the Global Cement Lafarge-Holcim Merger report, the country already has two cement plants from a CRH subsidiary, Grupa Ożarów. This is pertinent because the country offers a view of how LafargeHolcim might act in competition with CRH in a national environment.
In 2014 CRH noted that cement volumes grew by 6% in the country and its Europe Heavyside sales increased by 4% year-on-year to Euro3.93bn. In the first half of 2015 CRH reported selling 'non-core' businesses from its Europe Heavyside division in Poland amongst other territories. It also reported that whilst a solid general economy and construction growth helped sales, it was under price pressure in all of its main product lines.
Interestingly, LafargeHolcim announced in late September 2015 that it was implementing a new three-year strategy in Poland. The plan is to offer its clients logistic, design and consulting services in addition to cement, concrete and aggregate sales. The choice of Poland to test this strategy in with its clear competition from CRH is instructive as this situation is now duplicated in several markets throughout Central and Eastern Europe. Lafarge too reported a 'competitive' environment in its first quarter results for 2015 before the merger with Holcim completed. Yet it noted that its cement volumes had contracted compared to the same period in 2014. This is in contrast to the SPC data for the first quarter of 2015 that suggests that cement production rose slightly compared to the same period in 2014. However, Lafarge did expect construction activity to pick up for the rest of 2015 due to infrastructure tenders based on a new EU infrastructure plan. SPC data on cement production suggests that this may be correct. LafargeHolcim's and CRH's cement plants are in slightly different parts of the country which may also explain reported differences in sales volumes in 2015.
So, we have a picture of CRH streamlining its business in Poland to help grow profits. LafargeHolcim, meanwhile, is broadening its offer with 'soft' businesses to complement its heavy divisions. The results will be worth watching.
Polish regulator fines cement companies for cartel
18 December 2013Poland: The Court of Competition and Consumer Protection (SOKiK) has upheld a decision by the Office of Competition and Consumer Protection (UOKiK) to fine seven cement companies for forming a cartel. However, the SOKiK lowered the total fine from Euro100m to Euro80m. According the UOKiK the cartel fixed prices and divided the Polish market among themselves for at least eleven years.
According to the UOKiK the cartel activities could have had negative consequences for the construction sector and had affected consumers. The cartel had almost 100% share of production and sale of grey cement in Poland.
During the investigation two cartel members decided to co-operate with the UOKiK in exchange for leniency. Therefore UOKiK decided not to fine Lafarge Cement and lowered the fine for Gorazdze Cement. The remaining five cartel members - Grupa Ozarow, Cemex Polska, Dyckerhoff Polska, Cementownia Warta and Cementownia Odra - were fined to the full legal extent, 10% of annual turnover.
Germany: Tomasz Czop, former Purchase Director of Ożarów Cement Poland (CRH Group) is now leading business development at MVW Lechtenberg & Partner, the German consulting firm for the implementation of alternative fuels from biomass and useable wastes in the cement industry.
As a former member of the management board of the Polish subsidiaries of Ireland's CRH he was directly responsible for the whole procurement of all business units in Poland and Ukraine. Within MVW Lechtenberg he will lead the business unit of alternative fuels and raw materials trade which is currently focused on the supply of refuse derived fuels for the cement and power generating industry in northern and eastern Europe.