Displaying items by tag: Standards

Following the Standards Industry of Nigeria's (SON) decision earlier this week to ban 32.5 grade cement for all applications except for plastering, the country's cement industry is likely to be faced with some difficult decisions. The new rules state that 42.5 grade cement must be used for casting of columns, beams, slabs and for moulding blocks, while 52.5 grade cement is now mandatory for building bridges. As a developing country, Nigeria is home to a large number of construction and infrastructure projects. To ensure safety this means that the construction industry must be well-regulated.

Arguments against the use of low quality cement in Nigeria have been long drawn out as low quality cement has been blamed for a spate of building collapses, resulting in the deaths of 297 people in 1974 – 2010.

In support of the country's cement producers, SON's director general Joseph Ikem Odumodu was eager to point out that low quality cement is not to blame for Nigeria's building collapses. He said that cement grades 32.5, 42.5 and 52.5 are designed for different applications, which are not being adhered to by builders. While 42.5 grade cement is the minimum suitable grade for multi-story building construction like residential homes, 32.5 grade cement is frequently used instead as it is cheaper and more readily available.

Dangote Cement is currently the only company producing 52.5 grade cement in the country, which it sells at the same price as its 42.5 grade cement. The new SON decision is therefore expected to be good news for Dangote, potentially increasing sales volumes and improving the company's reputation.

With regards to the rest of Nigeria's cement producers, unless they are able to convert their production process for 42.5 and 52.5 grade cement extremely rapidly, Nigeria's cement imports and prices for domestic 42.5 and 52.5 grade cements are likely to increase, in contrast to recent trends. The new regulations, which SON has said will be strictly enforced, provide an excellent opportunity for market share expansion to those cement producers that respond rapidly. It might also be considered the ideal moment for companies to begin exploring brand identities and marketing campaigns. Lookout for our new report on cement branding in a future issue of Global Cement Magazine.

Nigeria: Final approval for a new national cement standard has been given by Olusegun Aganga at the Federal Ministry of Industry, Trade and Investment. Following a short grace period all cement manufactured locally or imported must meet the approved standards and will be tagged 'NlS 444-1'. The implementation of a new standard for cement follows a battle between cement industry stakeholders regarding whether poor quality cement had been to blame for building collapses.

The highest grade - CEM I 52.5R, 52.5N, or 52.5 - will now be used for the construction of bridges. The second highest grade - CEM II 42.5R, 42.5N or 42.5 grade – will be used for the casting of columns, beams, slabs and for block moulding. The lowest cement grade - CEM I & II 32.5R, 32.5N or 32.5 cement grade – will be used only for the plastering of buildings.

According to the ministry, the new guidelines would, "Enable the end users make the right choice; help to avoid unethical application of the different types of cement; enhance proper identification of the different cement classes and enhance traceability as well as guide users." The ministry added that the standards were reviewed because they had attained the five-year mandatory period for review, as well as concerns over the quality of cement in the Nigerian markets.

China: China intends to stop the production of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 32.5 grade cement. Liu Ming, an official of the National Development and Reform Commission (NDRC), made the comment at a forum according to the Xinhua news agency.

Stopping production of OPC 32.5 grade cement would reduce the country's total cement output by 340Mt/yr, accounting for 11% of the total output. The large amount of OPC 32.5 grade cement had led the overcapacity of the cement industry.

Dangote Cement let everybody know this week that it is now producing 52.5MPa grade cement in Nigeria. The move was a response to building pressure from professional and civil groups in the country which have reacted in recent months to the high incidence of building collapses in the country. With the 42.5MPa grade looking likely to become the new legal standard, Dangote's adoption of an even higher standard looks like canny marketing.

The background to this tussle lies in the spate of building collapses that have plagued Nigeria in recent years. A widely cited paper in the Global Journal of Researches in Engineering from 2010 reported at least 26 incidents in Nigeria between 1975 to 1995 with 226 fatalities. Later figures from 2004 to 2006 reported at least 10 incidents with 243 fatalities, a significantly higher prevalence than in the earlier period. The paper recommended adopting standards for building materials such as cement among other measures. Since the publication of this paper news reports have been hard to collate. Commentators placed the toll at 15 collapses with 30 fatalities for the first eight months of 2013 alone.

The Standards Organisation of Nigeria (SON) reacted to the latest outcry over building collapses by saying that they were caused by poor application, such as a using the wrong quality of cement for a particular task, not poor standards. According to the SON, 32.5MPa grade cement is recommended for activities such as plastering, flooring, block moulding, culvert making and building simple domestic houses. 42.5MPa grade is designed for the construction of tall buildings, bridges and load bearing columns.

Adopting a national standard of 42.5MPa grade is intended to stop misuse of lower grade cement being used for the wrong applications. One example commentators have mentioned is how to help illiterate builders select the right kind of cement for a given task. Choosing an overall higher standard is one solution to this problem. Education is another.

One fact that has emerged from the debate is that, according to Dangote Chief Executive Officer DVG Edwin, the SON imposed 42.5MPa grade as the minimum for imports before most imports were stopped in late 2012. Edwin used this as an argument for the SON enforcing the same standard for domestic cement production. Anything that can cut the number of building collapses can only be a good thing.

Nigeria: Nigeria's Dangote Cement has announced that to help to combat the problem of building collapses and other construction failures allegedly caused by the preponderance of lower grade (32.5) cement on the market, it has converted its plants to produce 52.5 grade cement. It claims to be the first producer in Africa to do so.

Major concerns have been raised by various interest groups over cement standardisation in Africa. These stakeholders had warned that the prevalence of 32.5 cement grade in the market was a major cause of building collapse and threatened to stage protests against cement manufacturers that produce the lower grade of the product.

In response to the stakeholders' threat, Dangote Cement announced that it only produces 42.5 grade cement from its plants. However, the company decided to further demonstrate its commitment to delivering high quality products by raising the quality bar beyond 42.5 grade cement to 52.5 grade. Dangote Cement has commenced production 52.5 grade cement from all of its Nigerian plants in Ibese, Ogun state, Gboko, Benue state and Obajana, Kogi state.

Dangote disclosed that the 52.5 grade cement, which had been certified by the Standard Organisation of Nigeria (SON), as conforming to the requirements of NIS 444-2003 and other relevant standards, would sell for the same amount as the lower grade 42.5N type. It stated that it costs more to produce the 52.5 grade but that Dangote Cement decided to sell at the same price in the interest of its customers.

Nigeria: The Cement Manufacturers Association of Nigeria (CMAN) has called for a review of the industry's code of standards. CMAN chairman, Joseph Makoju, made the call at a forum in Abuja on concrete specifications, applications and cement standards.

"We need to have our own relevant code of practices and standards revised taking local conditions into consideration. It is also very important that our codes are robust and standards are robust, practical and uniformly and consistently applied in practice," said CMAN vice chairman Jean-Christopher Barbant. He added the current codes, when reviewed, would ensure uniformity in applications.

Joseph Odumodu, the director general of the Standards Organisation of Nigeria, said that the issue of quality had been a major challenge facing the regulatory agencies. He cited an example of 32 cement trucks from Benin that had been blocked from entering Nigeria as an example that the federal government should emulate.

Nepal: The Nepal Bureau of Standards and Metrology (NBSM) has been inundated with applications for the Nepal Standards (NS) mark from more than 24 cement producers. The rush was prompted by the bureau's April 2013 deadline for cement plants to obtain NS certification or face closure.

The bureau has recently launched a crackdown against cement companies selling their products without the NS logo or using it illegally. In February 2013 it shut four cement plants including Ambe, Butwal, Reliance and Shree for using the NS logo illegally and producing substandard materials. NBSM director general Ram Adhar Sah said that 26 out of the 28 cement plants producing cement without obtaining the NS logo have applied for it.

According to the Cement Manufacturers' Association of Nepal (CMAN), there are 44 cement factories in Nepal producing around 150 brands. However, the bureau said that only 16 companies had received the NS logo so far, and that the rest had been using it illegally or not at all. Even producers who have acquired the certification have been using the branding illegally across different product lines.

CMAN president Atma Ram Murarka said that the bureau's move followed its request to the government. Though imported cement has secured a larger share of the Nepali market, local cement producers conduct transactions worth US$346m/yr, according to CMAN.

Philippines: A total of 38 laboratories that conduct proficiency tests on cement products have participated in the fourth round of the Cement Manufacturers Association of the Philippines' (CeMAP) proficiency testing programme. Twelve of the laboratories were from the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH), 15 from CeMAP members and 11 were non-member or private laboratories. These laboratories are subjected to proficiency test as a requirement for the renewal of their DPWH certificate of accreditation.

"Participation in the proficiency testing programme is a crucial component in our responsibility to ensure that only quality cement products are available in the market," said CeMAP president Ernesto Ordoñez.

Ordoñez disclosed that the programme's first round in 2006 only had CeMAP member laboratories, while rounds two and three involved both CeMAP member and DPWH laboratories. Round four was significant as all the private laboratories involved were required to seek DPWH accreditation. Ordoñez added that this proficiency testing is the first and only one in Southeast Asia. CeMAP intend to conduct the testing annually to monitor the competency and performance of the laboratories.