Displaying items by tag: CNBM

Pakistan: Lucky Cement and China-based China Sinoma Energy Conservation have signed a deal to upgrade the waste heat recovery (WHR) units on both production lines at the integrated Pezu cement plant. When the project is completed it will increase the output to 14MW from 10MW at present. No value for the order has been disclosed. Sinoma supplied the plant’s original WHR units in 2017.

Poland: Italy-based Bedeschi has won a contract with China-based Nanjing Kisen International Engineering, part of China National Building Materials, to carry out equipment supply for the modernisation of crushing and storage facilities at a Lafarge Polska cement plant in Poland. The supplier says that it will provide a crushing system featuring two RI 450/15000 double rollers and two Pal SP 130/18 portal reclaimers for raw materials storage.

China: China National Building Materials (CNBM) has provided details of its subsidiaries’ efforts to prepare for the resumption of work following the end of the coronavirus outbreak in China and prevention of further outbreaks. The group set out 10 management measures, according to which its subsidiaries: implemented government and group regulations and requirements, took effective measures for work resumption, promoted Covid-19 awareness, formulated response measures, organised epidemic prevention and control, health-checked staff, provided sanitary equipment, controlled contact at work, including with outsiders, established isolation sites and disposed of hazardous materials.

The group said, “Each subsidiary overcame difficulties such as shortage of raw materials for production, poor transportation of products, difficulty in controlling the personnel that pick up goods in plant, and shortage of anti-epidemic materials to coordinate and promote the resumption of production.” It added, “The resumption of production has stabilised the enterprise's efficiency and staff, and maintained the orderly connection of the production chain of the whole building materials industry. We believe that as long as we have firm confidence, withstand the pressure and redouble our efforts, we will be able to minimise the adverse impact of the epidemic and make positive contributions to the stable development of economy and society.”

Financial results for 2020 from the major Chinese cement companies are now out, making it time for a recap. Firstly, information from the China Cement Association (CCA) is worth looking at. The country had a cement production capacity of 1.83Bnt/yr in 2020. For an idea of the current pace of industry growth, 26 new integrated production lines were built in 2020 with a clinker production capacity of just under 40Mt/yr.

This is as one might expect from the world’s biggest cement market. However, the CCA also revealed that the country has over 3400 domestic cement companies, of which two thirds are independent cement grinding companies. Most of these were reportedly created during the late 2000s as dry kilns started to predominate. The CCA is concerned with the quality of the cement some of these companies produce and the lack of order in this part of the market such as regional imbalances. This suggests that the government’s attempts to consolidate the cement industry as a whole had led to the independent companies heading down the supply chain. It also raises the possibility that the government-led consolidation drive may move to grinding next. One news story to remember here is that in February 2021 the CCA called for its industry to respect competition laws following a government investigation. Later in the month it emerged that eight cement companies in Shandong Province had been fined US$35m for price fixing in a sophisticated cartel whereby the perpetrators went as far arranging a formal price management committee to regulate the market.

The CCA described 2020 as a year of sudden decline, rapid recovery and stability. Coronavirus hit cement output in the first quarter of 2020 leading to unprecedented monthly year-on-year declines before it bounced right back in a classic ‘V’ shaped recovery pattern. Despite the pandemic and bad weather later in the year, annual output rose by 2% year-on-year to 2.37Bnt in 2020 from 2.32Bnt in 2019. This has carried on into 2021 with a 61% increase in January and February 2021 to 241Mt from 150Mt in the same period in 2020. That’s not surprising given that China was suffering from the pandemic in these months in 2020 but the growth also suggests that the industry may have gone past stability and is growing beyond simply compensating for lost ground.

Graph 1: Year-on-year change in cement output in China, January 2010 - February 2021. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China. Note that accumulated data is issued for January and February each year so these months show a mean figure.

Chart 2: Annual cement production growth by Province in 2020. Source: China Cement Association.

Chart 2 above shows cement production in 2020 from a provincial perspective. Note the sharp decline, more than 10% year-on-year, in Hubei Province (shown in dark green). Its capital Wuhan is where the first documented outbreak of coronavirus took place followed by a severe lockdown. Zooming further out, China’s clinker imports grew by 47% year-on-year to 33.4Mt in 2020. This is the third consecutive year of import growth, according to the CCA. The leading sources were Vietnam (59%), Indonesia (10%), Thailand (10%) and Japan (8%). China has become the main export destination for South East Asian cement producers and Chinese imports are expected to continue growing in 2021.

Graph 2: Revenue of large Chinese cement producers in 2020 and 2019. Source: Company reports.

Moving to the financial figures from the larger Chinese cement producers, CNBM and Anhui Conch remain the world’s two largest cement producing companies by revenue, beating multinational peers such as CRH, LafargeHolcim and HeidelbergCement. Anhui Conch appeared to be one of the winners in 2020 and Huaxin Cement appeared to be one of the losers. This is misleading from a cement perspective because Anhui Conch’s increased revenue actually arose from its businesses selling materials other than clinker and cement products. Its cement sales and cement trading revenue remained stable. On the other hand, Huaxin Cement was based, as it describes, in the epicentre of the epidemic and it then had to contend with flooding along the Yangtze River later in the year. Under these conditions, it is unsurprising that its revenue fell.

CNBM’s cement sales revenue fell by 3% year-on-year to US$19.5bn in 2020 with sales from its new materials and engineering compensating. Anhui Conch noted falling product prices in 2020 to varying degrees in most of the different regions of China except for the south. CNBM broadly agreed with this assessment in its financial results. Anhui Conch also reported that its export sales volumes and revenue fell by 51% and 45% year-on-year respectively due to the effects of coronavirus in overseas markets. The last point is interesting given that China increasingly appears in lists of major cement and clinker exporters to different countries. This seems to be more through the sheer size of the domestic sector rather than any concerted efforts at targeting exports.

One major story on CNBM over the last 15 months has been its drive to further consolidate its subsidiaries. In early March 2021 it said it was intending to increase its stake in Tianshan Cement to 88% from 46% and other related transactions. This followed the announcement of restructuring plans in mid-2020 whereby subsidiary Tianshan Cement would take control of China United Cement, North Cement, Sinoma Cement, South Cement, Southwest Cement and CNBM Investment. The move was expected to significantly increase operational efficiency of its constituent cement companies as they would be able to start acting in a more coordinated manner and address ‘fundamental’ issues with production overcapacity nationally.

In summary, the Chinese cement market appears to have more than compensated for the shocks it faced in 2020 with growth in January and February 2021 surpassing the depression in early 2020. Market consolidation is continuing, notably with CNBM’s efforts to better control the world’s largest cement producing company. Alongside this the CCA may be starting to suggest that rationalisation efforts previously focused on integrated plants should perhaps be now looking at the more independent grinding sector. The government continues to tighten regulations on new production capacity and is in the process of introducing new rules increasing the ratio of old lines that have to be shut down before new ones can be built. Finally, China introduced its interim national emissions trading scheme in February 2021, which has large implications for the cement sector in the future, even if the current price lags well behind Europe at present.

China: CNBM’s revenue rose by 0.5% year-on-year to US$38.9bn in 2020 from US$38.7bn in 2019. Its profit for the year grew by 17% to US$3.30bn from US$2.81bn. However, its cement sales revenue fell by 3% to US$19.5bn from US$20.0bn and its concrete sales fell slightly to US$7.80bn. Cement-based earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) fell slightly to US$5.73bn and concrete-based EBITDA rose by 53% to US$794m. Both cement and concrete sales volumes grew slightly to 340Mt and 112Mm³ respectively. Overall group revenue rose due to sales by the group’s new materials and engineering divisions. The share of its overseas revenue fell to 2% in 2020 from 13% in 2019 due to declines in most regions with the exception of the Americas and Oceania.

“2020 was an extraordinary year, faced with severe and complicated domestic and international environment, especially the serious impact from Covid-19,” said Cao Jianglin, chairman of CNBM. He added, “The foundation of economic recovery in China is not yet solid, and the task of industry transformation and upgrading is arduous.” The company plans to continue implementing supply side structural supply reforms and work towards government CO₂ emission peak targets and carbon neutrality plans.

China: China National Building Materials (CNBM) plans to increase its stake in Tianshan Cement to 88% from 46% as part of its restructuring drive. Tianshan Cement will acquire outright fellow CNBM subsidiaries China United Cement and Sinoma Cement. It will also acquire CNBM’s majority stakes in Southwest Cement and South Cement. The group says that it has completed the audit, evaluation and evaluation filing for the reorganisation. It follows an announcement in the summer of 2020 about the plan.

In a related transaction, Tianshan Cement said it had agreed to buy Jiangxi Wannianqing Cement’s 1.3% stake in South Cement. Reuters has reported that value of this deal as US$96.0m.

CNBM said that the restructuring is intended to, “promote the integration of high-quality resources, strengthen the company’s leading position in the cement industry and facilitate resolving industry competition among subsidiaries of the company in the cement business sector.”

Nigeria: China-based Sinoma CBMI Construction has signed an agreement with BUA Cement to build three 3Mt/yr plants in Adamawa, Edo and Sokoto states respectively. When completed by the end of 2022, the projects will bring the producer’s installed capacity to 20Mt/yr, according to the Vanguard newspaper.

The deal is Nigeria’s largest ever single contract for the construction of cement plants. the project will cost US$1.05bn.

Argentina: 40 employees of China Nation Building Materials (CNBM) subsidiary Sinoma International Engineering have arrived at the site of Loma Negra’s upcoming L’Amalí cement plant in Olavarría. El Popular Medios News has reported that the engineers will complete work on the plant in time for commissioning in March 2021. The engineers caused a stir at the Ezeiza International Airport as they were dressed in protective clothing and masks unlike many other local travellers.

Cement scalpers in Tanzania have been threatened with jail time for hoarding cement! The country faced a shortage of cement and other building materials in October 2020 and Prime Minister Kassim Majawali ordered an investigation into the issue following the conclusion of the presidential election earlier that month. Both regional commissioners and the National Prosecution Service have been dragged into the initiative. Director of Public Prosecutions Biswalo Mganga promised to local press that wrongdoers could face up to 30 years in prison for daring to hoard products or distort the market.

Rhetoric aside, the situation is curious given that HeidelbergCement’s local subsidiary, Tanzania Portland Cement, seemed to think in its 2019 annual report, that the country faced a 5Mt/yr overcapacity from integrated and grinding plants compared to a total production base of 10.6Mt/yr. However, the East African newspaper reported that despatches fell to 150,000t in October 2020 from 450,000t in September and August 2020, with a 30% surge in the price in some parts of the country.

In the wake of this, Dangote Cement apologised publicly for failing to communicate a planned stoppage at its Mtwara plant to the wider public. Tanga Cement then denied that its production was down. It said instead that production was at the highest level and that large chunks of its output was servicing government-backed infrastructure projects like the Standard Gauge Railway (SGR) and the Kigongo-Busisi Bridge, which will span the southern end of Lake Victoria. It also blamed a lack of trains on the Tanga-Moshi, which was reopened in mid-2019. It seems reasonable that cement prices might vary quite markedly, even before the profiteers got involved, due to the reasons above. Other issues locally include poor transport links, long distances in a country like Tanzania, the recent election and lingering hiccups from the blockage of imports from Kenya in 2018 that may not have helped either. The investigation continues.

A wider issue here is how much cement production capacity the country and the region can support given a propensity for spikes in prices. As Global Cement has covered previously (GCW456 and prior issues) Chinese producers have been heading into Sub-Saharan Africa over the last decade. Huaxin Cement bought ARM Cement’s assets in Tanzania in May 2020. It renamed the company African Tanzanian Maweni Limestone and then started trial production of clinker at the newly upgraded 0.75Mt/yr Maweni Limestone clinker plant in July 2020. Depending on how long ARM Cement’s former subsidiary was out of action, this one seems unlikely to rock the market too much. Tanga Cement also took the opportunity in November 2020 to say that talks with the government about a new 0.5 – 0.75Mt/yr grinding plant in Arusha were progressing

The proposed 7Mt/yr CNBM/Sinoma ‘mega’ plant is another matter entirely. Most of its output is intended for export but any disruption to local transport links, current or future, could swamp the local market. The export of Chinese infrastructure development around the world through its loan system could offer (occasionally literal) bridging solutions here as cement from a Chinese-backed factory is used to build the transport networks backed by Chinese loans that allow exports to proliferate. Tanzanian President John Magufuli’s comments that the poor terms for a US$10bn Chinese loan supporting a port project could “…only be accepted by a drunken man,” may not have helped international diplomacy. Still, Chinese money is actively getting things built here and elsewhere around the world at a rate previously unheard of.

Returning to the present, it makes a change to highlight a market where cement is truly demanded. A coronavirus-related lockdown may have slowed sales in the first half of 2020 but Dangote Cement estimated that the total market for cement in Tanzania was about 4.2Mt in the first nine months of 2020 and it reported its highest ever orders and dispatches in September 2020. That the country’s prime minister decided to discuss cement prices is a reminder of how important the commodity remains in parts of the world.

China: Xia Zhiyun has resigned as the president of China National Materials International Engineering (CNBM Engineering). However, he will remain a director of the company, a member of the strategy and investment committee of the board of directors and a member of the nomination committee. The company is part of CNBM Group. It provides engineering services and equipment to the international cement, housing, industrial equipment and light industry sectors.