Displaying items by tag: Capacity

Jordan: The country’s industrial chambers have made a statement saying that most cement plants are charging ‘average’ prices for cement despite recent rises in energy costs due to imported coal and diesel. In a joint statement the group’s said, that although some plants have increased the price of cement, it does not reflect the increase in real cost to producers, according to the Jordan News Agency. The price of cement has reportedly risen by 12% recently.

The industrial chambers noted that the sector is, “keen to stabilise commodity prices locally and maintain their sustainability." It added that it accomplished this in the interests of citizens during the Covid-19 crisis despite the high price of raw materials. The statement also noted that the country has a cement production capacity of 10Mt/yr but the local market only uses 3Mt/yr.

Mexico: Cemex says that it will invest US$925m in 2021 – 2023 in production capacity expansions and upgrades, as well as in other projects to improve financial margins. Chief executive officer Fernando González said at its Cemex Day 2021 business update that the group is planning a 10Mt/yr cement capacity expansion consisting of an extra 7.5Mt/yr in the Americas, 1.5Mt/yr in the Philippines and 1.0Mt/yr in Europe. It expects a total increase in 2023 full-year profit of US$520m as result of the investments. Around US$425m will be spent on the cement capacity additions and the remainder will go towards projects on urbanisation and its other business lines.

Strategic planning and business development executive vice president José González said “We focus on high-growth metropolitan areas, where our products and solutions nurture the urbanisation needs of these markets. These areas represent around 70% of the population and around 80% of the gross domestic product (GDP) of construction.”

Nepal: A report by the Nepal Rastra Bank has estimated that Nepal will require 26Mt/yr of cement by the 2024 – 25 financial year due to large-scale infrastructure projects. However, current production before the coronavirus pandemic was around 7.5Mt/yr despite the country’s production capacity of 15Mt/yr, according to the Kathmandu Post newspaper. Domestic consumption is 9Mt with around 1.5Mt of demand supplied from imports, mainly from India. The report added that most of the large projects in Nepal used cement imported from India due to issues with certification, consistent quality and the inability of local producers to offer bulk supply. In 2019 the Ministry of Industry, Commerce and Supplies forecast that the country’s cement production capacity could increase to 20Mt/yr by the end of the 2023 – 24 year.

Dhruba Raj Thapa, president of the Cement Manufacturers Association of Nepal, said that the data in the report by the bank contained errors. He pointed out that the country has a cement production capacity of 22Mt/yr and that it is already self-sufficient in the commodity. He also refuted the claims that infrastructure projects prefer imported cement.

Nigeria: Dangote Cement says that work is underway to increase its total cement production capacity in Nigeria by 4.5Mt/yr before September 2021. The Guardian newspaper has reported that plans consist of new lines at the company’s cement plants in Obajana, Kogi state, and Okpella, Edo state, and the restart of production at its plant at Gboko, Benue state. Sales and marketing director Rabiu Umar said that the reason behind the decision was a surge in demand leading to a ‘sold-out’ situation in the country. He added that the firm has also ceased its export programmes in order to better serve the needs of domestic consumption.

India: Dalmia Bharat subsidiary Dalmia Cement plans to increase its installed cement production capacity in Eastern India by a further 4.8Mt/yr. The Economic Times newspaper has reported that its remaining planned upgrades in the region consist of a 2.3Mt/yr capacity expansion at a grinding plant in Odisha and a 2.5Mt/yr capacity expansion at a grinding plant in Bihar. The Odisha upgrade is scheduled for commissioning in mid-2021 and the Bihar upgrade is scheduled for commissioning in 2023. When both completed, the new lines will increase the producer’s cement capacity to 40Mt/yr.

The company says that it plans to announce further capital expenditure (capex) investments. It said that its subsidiary Murli Industries requires US$47.7 - 54.5m-worth of capex spending. It acquired the company, based in the western Indian state of Maharashtra, in the 2021 financial year. Managing director Puneet Dalmia said that the company would wait for greater economic certainty before launching the next round of expenditure. He said that the company’s aim is to become a national producer.

Pakistan: The All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) says that the country’s installed cement production capacity will reach 99Mt/yr within the next few years, with most of the planned work to be completed by mid-2023. The Dawn newspaper has reported that producers are launching new cement plant projects and expanding existing plants with a total new capacity of 18Mt/yr. Upon completion, the current projects will increase domestic cement production capacity by 43% to 99Mt/yr from 69Mt/yr. 94Mt/yr of the new capacity is situated in Northern Pakistan and 5.0Mt/yr in Southern Pakistan.

APCMA says that the reason behind the new expansion cycle is estimated annual sales growth of 10 – 15% from 2021.

Vietnam: Vietnamese cement export growth is forecast to slow in 2021. The Viet Nam News newspaper has reported on research by SSI Research that expected exports to remain stable due to high infrastructure spending in China, but that growth is unlikely due to the full recovery of Chinese domestic cement supply in 2020. SSI Research forecasts a total 2021 cement and clinker sales growth of 2% year-on-year to 104Mt from 102Mt. It predicts a 5% - 7% increase in domestic sales. The country’s installed cement production capacity is due to rise by 7% or 7Mt in early 2021.

One of the last news stories we covered before the Christmas break was that Lafarge Poland had selected China-based Nanjing Kisen International Engineering as the general contractor for a Euro100m-plus upgrade to its Małogoszcz cement plant. This appears to be the first major European cement plant upgrade project to be publicly run by a Chinese contractor. There may be other European projects in the sector run by Chinese companies ‘on the down-low.’

If it is the first then this is a significant milestone for the growth of the Chinese industry. It is a noteworthy first for Nanjing Kisen in the European Union. Europe is the home, after all, of a number of locally-based contractors and companies that can build or upgrade cement plants including FLSmidth, Fives, ThyssenKrupp, IKN and others. Indeed, all of the work on this project might actually be conducted by local companies, selected by the general contractor. For example, Lafarge Poland says that the general contractor will select a subcontractor on the Polish market.

It’s easy to fall into jingoistic nostalgia but should we really be surprised that China can competitively build cement plants given the ferocious growth of its own industry over the last few decades? Arguments by Western critics against growing Chinese dominance in industry have tended to home in on excuses why they might be ‘cheating’ such as intellectual property theft, unfair state aid or the use of low-cost infrastructure loans to countries along its Belt and Road Initiative. That last one carries some irony given that not so long ago discussions about developing world debt were framed in the context of the Cold War and the oil crisis in the 1970s. Western countries were seen as the bogeymen depending on one’s political outlook. With this in mind, the Financial Times recently reported on data released in December 2020 that suggested that China might be heading into its own overseas debt crisis. The takeaway message here is that attempting to apply China’s whopping infrastructure boom elsewhere might not work so well without the same level of control. Exporting production overcapacity abroad may simply turn out to be something like a giant Ponzi scheme! For the cement industry this may mean a pause or wind-down in the number of new plants backed by Chinese money, often with Chinese contractors tied in, and that the rise of Chinese engineering firms might not seem as unassailable as all that after all.

This leads into another noteworthy story that we also published before Christmas on China’s latest proposal to further reduce production capacity at home. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) wants to tighten the ratio of production capacity that has to be closed before new capacity can be built from 1.25:1 to 1.5:1. The kicker is that the new rules also include a clause intended to restrict the use of so-called ‘zombie’ capacity in the swapping process by limiting eligibility to productions lines that have been operated for two or more consecutive years since 2013. These rules seem targeted at the present day but they could potentially push Chinese cement production capacity per capita to rates more similar to those found in developed economies elsewhere (i.e. halve existing Chinese production capacity). Many of the country’s kilns were built in the early 2000s and the average lifespan of a clinker kiln is 50 years. This suggests that the ministry is thinking seriously about culling capacity by the administration’s carbon neutrality target of 2060.

Chinese penetration in the European cement plant market is more of an after-thought given the pace of projects in Asia and Africa over the last decade and the maturity of the sector. It can also be misleading given that some very-European-sounding engineering companies are actually owned by Chinese concerns. Yet no doubt local contractors and suppliers would like to keep any business they can. On the other hand, more market share may be found in Europe over the coming decades from retrofitting CO₂ mitigating equipment or building the anticipated hydrogen revolution once the regulatory and financial framework starts to favour it. Or maybe shifts to service and/or machine intelligence-style packages are the way forward. Nanjing Kisen may be the first Chinese company to upgrade a European cement plant but the market focus may quickly move on. Time will tell.

Answers by email for when readers think the first cement plant or production line in the US will be built by a Chinese company.

Happy New Year from Global Cement

China: The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (MIIT) has released tougher draft rules regulating how cement producers should decommission old production capacity before they build new capacity. Under the new guidelines cement companies must retire at least two tonnes of outdated capacity for each tonne of proposed new capacity in areas classified as environmentally sensitive, according to Caixin Global. Previously, the ratio was 1.5:1. In non-environmentally sensitive areas, at least 1.5 tonnes of obsolete capacity should be retired for every tonne of new capacity, an increase from the current ratio of 1.25:1.

The proposed rules are currently open for public comment. However, cement companies are reportedly hurrying to obtain approval for new capacity projects approved under the current, easier regulations. The Chinese Cement Association has commented that some of the newly proposed projects ‘challenge’ the effectiveness of the government’s intent with the new measures and it has recommended a ban on production swaps across regions. The new rules also include a clause intended to restrict the use of so-called ‘zombie’ capacity in the swapping process by limiting eligibility to productions lines that have been operated for two or more consecutive years since 2013. Such redundant capacity is reportedly mainly concentrated in northeast China, Inner Mongolia and Xinjiang. No date for the ratification of the new rules has been disclosed.

Uzbekistan: State-owned Uzpromstroymaterialy has announced the start of cement production at a new 0.1Mt/yr integrated cement plant, called the Qurilish Ashyo Sifat Servis cement plant, in Fergana Region following a total investment of US$25.0m. The company has reported that the new plant represents part of the country’s efforts to increase its installed cement capacity by 60% to 20.0Mt/yr in 2020 from 12.5Mt/yr in 2019.