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At the 24th AFCM Technical Symposium in April 2015, Nguyen Quoc Thang, plant manager at Vicem's Binh Phuoc cement plant, delivered an outstanding presentation. He explained the sourcing and processing methods for using cashew nut shells as an alternative fuel to replace coal at the plant.

Around 300,000t/yr of cashews are grown and harvested in the south-east of Vietnam, the equivalent of about 130,000t/yr of cashew nut shell, 85% of which remains after processing. According to Nguyen Quoc Thang, the plant uses cashew nut shells to replace 35% of its fuel and has significantly reduced its CO2 emissions and fuel costs by doing so.

Cashew nuts are grown in large quantities in Brazil, India, Nigeria, Vietnam, the Ivory Coast, Pakistan and Indonesia, among others. In 2012, some 4.15Mt of cashew nuts were grown. Cashew nut demand has risen greatly in both the long-term and the more recent past. New (and delicious) products are being designed to meet the demands of health-conscious people and vegans, including cashew nut butters, cashew milks, cashew cream, cashew ice cream, cashew cheese and cashew cooking sauces. All at premium prices, of course, and all driving cashew nut demand ever-higher.

Cashew nuts are always sold pre-shelled, as the shell is toxic if consumed. Their growing production volumes and the necessity that they always be pre-shelled for sale or further processing makes cashew nuts an ideal alternative fuel for cement production, with reliable supplies guaranteed for the foreseeable future, subject to good crop yields. Moreover, cashew nuts are mainly grown in regions that currently have low cement plant alternative fuel substitution rates, providing an instant solution to some of the cement industry's environmental challenges.

Cement producers in cashew nut-growing (and other types of nut) countries would do well to note the example that Vicem's Binh Phuoc cement plant has presented. In addition to saving costs and tackling environmental restrictions, the highly-profitable nut industries could provide extra economic value to their home countries through partnership with local cement plants.

Nigeria: Dangote Cement has appointed Douraid Zaghouani as a non-executive director with effect from 29 April 2015. Zaghouani holds a degree in Civil Engineering from École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État in France and is also a graduate in Business Administration from the École Supérieure des Sciences Commerciales business school in Paris.

Zaghouani is presently the Chief Operating Officer of the Investment Corporation of Dubai (ICD). In this role, he supports the CEO's Office in corporate strategy development and is responsible for the efficient operational management of the organization.

Italy: Cementir Holding has reported a pre-tax profit of Euro3.8m in the first quarter of 2015 compared with a pre-tax loss of Euro1.8m in the same period of 2014. Revenues fell by 0.9% to Euro205m. Earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) declined by 1.6% to Euro24.2m. Net financial debt widened to Euro326m at the end of March 2015 from Euro278m at the end of 2014. For the entire 2015, Cementir expects an EBITDA of some Euro190m and a net financial debt of around Euro230m.

Sri Lanka: Lafarge Mahaweli Cement is on schedule with its Savi Piyasa housing programme and has now partnered with nine leading brands in the construction sector and two commercial banks to add value to its technical assistance scheme for individual homebuilders.

Under its 'Building Better Cities' theme, Lafarge has helped many families around the world to have better, affordable housing facilities and hopes to provide decent housing to two million people worldwide by 2020.

In Sri Lanka, Lafarge has already provided architectural assistance to 220 families in the Western and Northern Province. With the intention of providing even better options for its Savi Piyasa clients, Lafarge has now entered into partnerships with several leading brands, enabling it to receive special discounts on a large variety of building materials such as steel, paints, glass, PVC pipes, etc. Moreover, Lafarge has tied up with commercial banks and microfinance institutions to provide their customers with easy access to loan facilities.

"We started this programme a year ago and we have been getting a lot of positive feedback. A package integrating architectural assistance, special discounts and financial facility has not been offered in Sri Lanka before, so I am confident that the individual homebuilders in the country will find interest in this turnkey solution," said Lafarge Mahaweli Cement managing director Anurag Kak.

Vietnam: The Vietnam National Cement Association (VNCA) said that growing cement exports have helped domestic cement plants to slash inventories in recent years.

Vietnam produced around 70.6Mt of cement in 2014, 15% higher than 2013. Domestic consumption totalled 50.9Mt, while export sales reached 21.1Mt, up by 10% and 30% year-on-year respectively. Big producers like Vicem, Nghi Son, Chinfon, Thang Long Vina, Vissai and Thang Long contributed 80% of total cement exports in 2014. Their major markets were Bangladesh, Singapore, Hong Kong, Malaysia, the Philippines and Indonesia.

Nguyen Quang Cung, chairman of VNCA, said that the supply - demand balance would continue to improve in 2015 as demand for construction materials in the country and abroad is forecast to pick up. However, the VNCA warned that local cement enterprises would have to cope with fiercer competition at home and abroad. Cung said that Cong Thanh Cement Co would commission a 3.6Mt/yr clinker line in Thanh Hoa in June 2015. In addition, the Dong Lam and Thach My cement plants have run at full capacity so far in 2015. An imbalance between supply and demand might occur if clinker and cement exports decline as Vietnam now faces tough competition from other exporting countries like China, South Korea and Thailand.

Poland: Cement production declined by 3.9% year-on-year to 1.39Mt in April 2015, according to Poland's Cement Producer Association. In the first five months of the year, Poland's cement production grew by 1% year-on-year to 4.02Mt.

Rwanda: Cimerwa has unveiled its new corporate identity and product packaging. The new identity uses bold blue 32.5 bags and bright red 42.5 bags.

"We have moved from the previous green to a bold blue reflecting the refreshing nature of the business as we go through a rebirth and repositioning of Cimerwa. The previous logo was a closed diamond; the new logo is open, symbolising the bright future of the company and the journey we will be making together towards the top," said Legodi Busisiwe, Cimerwa CEO.

Cimerwa is finalising work on its new state-of-the-art production facility in Bugarama, Rusizi. The plant, which will boost Cimerwa's manufacturing capacity by six times, will commence production early in the second half of 2015. When fully operational, the plant's production capacity will increase from the current 100,000t/yr to 600,000t/yr.

Legodi said that construction of the plant in Bugarama is now complete and is undergoing structured tests in line with global best practice in the cement manufacturing sector. "The testing phase, which is the most important in preparing the plant for production, will take at least two months. Our aim is to certify that the new plant operates efficiently and effectively when it is running fully and produce a quality cement to meet Rwanda's growing demand," said Busisiwe.

According to Francois Kanimba, the minister for trade and industry, Rwanda's industrial and construction sectors are expected to register strong performances by the end of 2015. "Construction and real estate are key sectors and potential major drivers of future economic growth in Rwanda, mainly due to the high demand for residential and commercial buildings," said Kanimba. "Statistics from the Rwanda Development Board puts total housing needs in Kigali alone at 458,265 dwelling units. The government is keen to develop home-grown industries that will offer locally-made, world class products and, in the process, reduce the large bill we spend on imports."

Nigeria: The chairman of Ashaka Cement, Mallam Suleiman Yahyah, has said that the performance of the company in 2014 showed the resilience of the management and commitment of its parent firm, Lafarge Africa, to sustenance of investment in the north eastern part of the country. Despite losing US$7.54m to insurgents attack in 2014, Ashaka Cement ended the year with a profit after tax of US$22.9m, up from US$14.2m in 2013.

"We have embarked on the expansion of our cement production capacity to 4Mt/yr. The expansion will comprise debottlenecking of the existing line and installation of new line," said Yahyah. He added that Ashaka Cement's target is to achieve 95% coal substitution and to introduce a major corporate social responsibility (CSR) schemes that will help the community with agricultural development.

Oman: Oman Cement Co has awarded a US$11.3m contract for the upgrade of pollution control equipment at a production line to FLSmidth. "To reduce emission levels, the company has awarded the upgrade work for the pollution control equipment for line 2 to FLSmidth. The company has issued a letter of intent in this regard which has been accepted by FLSmidth," said Oman Cement. In a recent report, Oman Cement said that its project for installing an additional 150t/hr cement mill with supporting infrastructure of cement silos and bulk despatches is in progress and is expected to be completed in the fourth quarter of 2015.

Europe: On 8 May 2015, Lafarge and Holcim secured support from Holcim shareholders for their proposed merger. Representing around 72% of Holcim's share capital, the 738 shareholders attending the Extraordinary General Meeting of Holcim Ltd approved all motions proposed by the board of directors.

"Holcim shareholders have voted for a joint future with Lafarge with an overwhelming majority. With this decision, we create the opportunity for profitable and sustainable growth. Holcim and Lafarge can now take the final steps to found the world leader in the building materials sector," said Wolfgang Reitzle, currently chairman of Holcim and future co-chairman (statutory chairman).

"It is a great satisfaction that Holcim shareholders overwhelmingly gave their support to the proposed merger. This endorsement is a clear demonstration that shareholders are fully convinced of the substantial value creation potential. I am confident that Lafarge shareholders will in turn ratify this once-in-a-lifetime opportunity and tender their shares, paving the way to the merger. The combined group will be a unique global champion in the building materials industry, focusing on customers and innovation, uniting the best teams in the industry. Featuring a new business model, outstanding cash flow generation capabilities and reduced capital intensity LafargeHolcim is designed to deliver superior returns to shareholders," said Bruno Lafont, currently chairman and CEO of Lafarge and future co-chairman of LafargeHolcim.

Holcim shareholders approved with a vast majority the creation of both ordinary and authorised share capital, which are necessary for the successful completion of the merger. In addition, shareholders also voted for the creation of authorised share capital in order to allow the distribution of a stock dividend to all shareholders of the new Company. The proposal to change the corporate name of Holcim Ltd to LafargeHolcim Ltd was approved as well.

The shareholders elected Bruno Lafont, Bertrand Collomb, Philippe Dauman, Paul Desmarais Jr, Oscar Fanjul, Gérard Lamarche and Nassef Sawiris to the board of directors. They will join Wolfgang Reitzle, Beat Hess, Alexander Gut, Adrian Loader, Thomas Schmidheiny, Hanne Birgitte Breinbjerg Sørensen, and Dieter Spälti, who had been elected at Holcim's ordinary General Meeting on 13 April 2015. Subject to the effective completion of the exchange offer, Anne Wade and Jürg Oleas will resign from their office as current members of the board of directors of Holcim.