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Tamil Nadu's subsidised cement scheme attracted negative attention this week when a prominent Indian politician called for it to be investigated. PMK party founder S Ramadoss alleged in a statement covered by Indian press that cement from the scheme is either being not being procured at the levels the state government are declaring or it is being sold on the black market.

Without investigating Ramadoss' comments too deeply in this article the Amma scheme does deserve looking at along with the pressures that have created it in the Indian cement market. The scheme takes its name from the nickname, Amma or mother, of the current Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu J Jayalalithaa. It follows previous populist subsidy schemes such as Amma Vegetables, Amma Water and Amma Theatres. As such it is exactly the kind of initiative you might expect a rival politician might criticise.

The scheme was created in mid-2014 to cope with fluctuating cement prices in the state. At that time Tamil Nadu consumed 1.7 – 1.8Mt/month of cement and around 400,000 – 450,000t was supplied by Andhra Pradesh. Subsequently prices rose in the neighbouring state, the purchases from Andhra Pradesh fell to 150,000 – 300,000t/month and the price went up in Tamil Nadu. The Amma Cement Scheme was created in response. It was intended to purchase 200,000t/month from private manufacturers. This would then be sold in eligibility bands with limits on the number of cement bags that could be bought dependent on size and type of project.

When the scheme launched in January 2015 the Times of India saw it as a politically canny move that would benefit middle-income rural citizens who could afford to build their own homes. Urban residents are less likely to build their own homes and so they wouldn't use the scheme as much. For example, at the start of the scheme sales in one rural district massively overtook sales in the city of Chennai.

Looking nationally, in July 2015 the Cement Manufacturers' Association (CMA) cried out that 100Mt/yr of India's production capacity was not being used due to supply and demand mismatching. It placed the value of this 'dead investment' at US$8.66bn. At present, the CMA places installed capacity at 380Mt/yr and utilisation at 275Mt/yr (70%). Previously utilisation was 94% in 2007 – 2008. Locally, Global Cement Magazine placed cement production capacity in Tamil Nadu at 33.9Mt/yr at the start of 2015. Demand was recorded at 20Mt in 2014, giving the state a capacity utilisation of 60%.

Cement demand was reported down in the southern states of India in 2014. Producers subsequently cut production to hold prices and stem their losses. With the CMA hoping for national infrastructure and housing projects to whip up demand generally, it seems possible that producers have little incentive to provide cement for the Amma scheme. One economist the Times of India quoted wondered whether the private producers would continue to sell cement to the state government at the necessary volumes. Sure enough, one of Ramadoss' criticisms of the scheme is that it may not be procuring the targeted volumes. If this is the case then the state government will have to pay more for their cement to hit the volumes they want.

UK: Aggregate Industries' new cement division will be led by Joe Hudson as managing director of cement and concrete products. He joins Aggregate Industries from Lafarge, where he has worked in a number of key functional and operational roles since 2001. Hudson was heavily involved in preparations for the LafargeHolcim merger as group senior vice president for organisation and development at Lafarge and has experience of running a cement business, having previously worked as managing director / CEO for Lafarge Wapco Plc in Nigeria.

Indonesia: PT Holcim Indonesia Tbk is preparing to merge with PT Lafarge Cement Indonesia after the finalisation of the LafargeHolcim merger.

Deputy corporate secretary Andika Lukman said in statement that the new holding company has started the strategic transformation process, focusing on revenues, capital allocation, commercial transformation and integration of the new holding. "The LafargeHolcim merger could raise revenues up to US$1.53bn in three years after the merger," said Lukman.

Holcim entered Indonesia by acquiring PT Semen Cibinong Tbk shares in 2001 for US$340m in the wake of a monetary crisis. The company was found by Hashim Djojohadikusumo, younger brother of Indonesia's 2014 presidential candidate Prabowo Subianto. Semen Cibinong's name was later changed to PT Holcim Indonesia. Meanwile, Lafarge entered the Indonesian market by acquiring shares of PT Semen Andalas Indonesia, which operates cement plant in Aceh, Sumatera in 1994. Semen Andalas' name was later changed to PT Lafarge Cement Indonesia.

UK: Leicestershire-based Aggregate Industries, now part of the LafargeHolcim group, has taken ownership of Lafarge cement plants in Cauldon, Staffordshire and Cookstown, County Tyrone, Northern Ireland.

The transfer of ownership of the two plants, along with a quarry at Cauldon Low and a cement terminal at Belfast Docks, was finalised on 20 July 2015 and also involves the transfer of 250 employees from the existing operations to Aggregate Industries. Originally owned by Holcim, Aggregate Industries said that becoming a cement producer and supplier 'is the final piece in the jigsaw,' providing a full range of construction materials to its customers.

"These are exciting times for Aggregate Industries. Along with the wider benefits of being part of the new LafargeHolcim group, the integration of cement production represents a significant strategic opportunity for us. We're now able to offer our customers the full range of construction materials and solutions, while maintaining our high levels of customer service," said Pat Ward, Aggregate Industries CEO. The business will continue with the Lafarge cement brand for its bulk cement products, although some of the bagged products will be renamed in due course.

Turkey: Bolu Cimento Sanayii AS has completed the conversion of its Ankara grinding facility to a fully-integrated cement plant, according to Reuters. The plant will start operations in July 2015.

Argentina: There is a shortage of cement in the San Juan Province of Argentina of around 20% of the normal volumes, according to Esmerk Latin America News. The shortage is blamed on Holcim, which supplies 38% of the cement needed there. Loma Negra and Avellaneda supply 52% and 10% of the material needed in the Argentine district, according to data from the Argentine Construction Chamber. Local ironmongers' believe the problem might be solved shortly.

Bolivia: Sociedad Boliviana de Cemento (Soboce) has posted a profit of US$16.1m in the year that ended on 31 March 2015, down by 48.76% from US$31.5m in its 2014 financial year, according to Esmerk Latin American News. The fall was attributed to an increase in costs, rainy weather and a US$7.41m fine it had to pay in 2015, according to Esmerk Latin American News. The company is 98% owned by Consorcio Cementero del Sur, part of Gloria group.

New Zealand: The third-largest lime producer in the world, US-based Graymont, has bought the Makareao lime plant in Otago from Holcim and took over the facility on 1 July 2015. Graymont, which has extensive interests in Canada, the US and Mexico, has also bought the McDonald's lime plant at Te Kuiti, Waikato, New Zealand.

Graymont Makareao's operations manager Craig Porter said that the lime plants' output had grown over the last two or three years and that he was excited about the new ownership. Staffing at the plant will not be affected.

Holcim's Weston cement plant project was put on hold in 2013 after it decided to import cement into New Zealand and build two new terminals, including one at Timaru, about four months from the completion of the plant. Waitaki Mayor Gary Kircher said that Holcim still owns the Weston site, associated quarries for limestone, coal and sand and consent for the cement plant that could be established there.

US: Construction materials company Summit Materials has completed its previously announced acquisition of a 1.2Mt/yr capacity cement plant in Davenport, Iowa along with seven cement distribution terminals from Lafarge North America for US$450m in cash, plus an exchange of Summit's Bettendorf, Iowa cement distribution terminal.

The newly acquired cement operations will compliment Summit's existing cement plant in Hannibal, Missouri and cement distribution terminal in St Louis, Missouri. The combined business will operate as Continental Cement, an existing wholly-owned subsidiary of Summit.

Following completion of the transaction, Summit owns 2.4Mt/yr of cement production capacity across the two cement plants plus eight cement distribution terminals along the Mississippi River system ranging from Minneapolis, Minnesota to New Orleans, Louisiana.

France: Holcim's French subsidiary will be renamed Orsima on 1 August 2015, according to Le Moniteur. The change comes at a time when the assets have been purchased by CRH as part of the LafargeHolcim merger. The businesses of Cement Orsima, Orsima Concrete and Aggregates Orsima will be used legally and commercially.

With the acquisition, CRH becomes the third-largest cement producer in France with about 15% of the market share. The assets include three cement plants (Holcim Lumbres, Héming and Rochefort-sur-Nenon), four grinding plants (Grand-Couronne, Dannes, Dunkirk and La Rochelle), a mixing station in Montoir-de-Bretagne, Loire-Atlantique and 170 concrete plants and aggregates sites (LafargeHolcim will retain eleven in Haut-Rhin Department).