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Vietnam: Thailand’s Siam Cement Group (SCG) has purchased a 100% stake in Vietnam Construction Materials for US$155m. The enterprise value of the transaction is valued at US$440m, including net debt and additional efficiency improvement investment to the acquired assets, according to the Bangkok Post. Vietnam Construction Materials has a cement production capacity of 3.1Mt/yr including one integrated plant at Tuyen Hoa in Quang Bing Province. The acquisition raises SCG’s cement production capacity in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) region outside of Thailand to 10.5Mt/yr. It follows other purchases by SCG of Vietnamese building materials companies including the white cement producer Buu Long.

A couple of news stories from Australia this week give us a reason to look at the country’s cement industry. All the main producers have now released their preliminary reports for the second half of 2016, with the exception of LafargeHolcim, one of the joint owners of Cement Australia. Essentially, the picture is mixed from two of the three main producers - Adelaide Brighton and Boral - with falling sales revenues but growing sales in the east. In mid-2016 the Australian Industry Group Construction Outlook survey predicted that the infrastructure, commercial and residential sectors would start to recover in the second half of 2016 leading to an upturn in 2017, although falling mining and heavy engineering construction was expected to continue to contrast in 2016.

The local market is split in clinker production terms with most of the producers (relatively) concentrated in the south and east of the country. Cement Australia leads in cement production capacity with 2.8Mt/yr or 42% of the country's production base from two integrated plants. Adelaide Brighton then comes next with 2.3Mt/yr or 35% from three plants and Boral follows with 1.5Mt/yr from one plant since the closure of clinker production at its Waum Ponds Plant in Victoria in 2012. The cement grinding plant situation is more varied with Adelaide Brighton's Northern Cement plant in the Northern Territory and BGC Cement plant in Western Australia amongst the country's 12 units, according to Global Cement Directory 2017 data. This total also includes a few slag cement grinding plants such as the Australian Steel Mill Services' plant and the Cement Australia-Ecocem plant that are both in Port Kembla.

Adelaide Brighton reported that its sales volumes of cement were down in 2016 due to major declines in Western Australia and the Northern Territory. Here, volumes had fallen by around 20% year-on-year. Unfortunately, a revival in southern and eastern Australia in the second half of the year wasn’t enough to stem the tide of poor sales. Power supply issues in Southern Australia also caused disruptions at both the company’s own plants and at those of its customers, leading to reduced sales. The cement producer also said that its import volumes had fallen by 2Mt due to lower sales in Western Australia and the Northern Territory and that import costs had increased due to a drop in the value of the Australian Dollar. Adelaide Brighton's reliance on imports is interesting given that this week Semen Padang, a subsidiary of Semen Indonesia, announced that it had started exporting cement to Australia.

Meanwhile, Boral Australia said that its cement revenue had fallen by 3% year-on-year to US$95.3m for its first half to 31 December 2016. However, cement sales volumes grew by 3% driven by higher direct sales. It also noted that competition and energy costs had increased in the period. HeidelbergCement, the other joint owner of Cement Australia, along with LafargeHolcim, said that its operations in Australia had delivered solid development due to strong residential construction demand and strong demand on the East Coast that compensated for a weaker mining sector. LafargeHolcim confirmed this in its half-year report adding that road infrastructure projects had also helped. It also noted that benefits to its adjusted operating earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) had been accrued through energy savings and lower clinker import costs.

LafargeHolcim's financial results for 2016 are due later this week on 2 March 2017. Potentially they have big implications for the Australian cement market given the rumours that were swirling around a year ago about a potential divestment. Although the signs so far suggest that its subsidiary Cement Australia did okay in 2016, pressure elsewhere in the group might prompt a sale of its share. We discussed this issue in December 2015 but since then Adelaide Brighton publicly said it was working on an acquisition plan, including strategy on how to cope with any potential competition issues. All eyes will be on LafargeHolcim later in the week.

Belgium: Henk Mariën, the managing director and owner of Arodo, has died. He passed away suddenly on 9 February 2017. Mariën built the company that designs and builds bagging machines, palletisers and shrink covers leaving behind an international presence in the business and a workforce of over 100 staff. The company intends to continue his mission and continue to build Arodo’s future.

Germany: CRH has agreed to sell one integrated cement plant and one grinding plant in Germany to an unnamed party. These assets were purchased as part of a group of sites acquitted by CRH from LafargeHolcim in 2015. The transaction is subject to approval by the German Competition Authority (Bundeskartellamt). No exact value for the transaction has been released but the Irish building materials company has placed a sale including these assets and others including a clay business in Northern Europe and a concrete business in Belgium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg for Euro400m. CRH currently operates two integrated cement plants in Germany at Wössingen and Karsdorf.

Ireland: CRH’s sales revenue rose by 4% year-on-year to Euro27.1bn in 2016 from Euro23.6bn in 2015. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 41% to Euro3.13bn from Euro2.22bn. The group attributed the growth in sales and profits to positive sales in the Americas and Europe and benefits from its first year of full ownership of some assets purchased from LafargeHolcim in 2015.

"2016 was a year of significant profit growth for CRH, with margins and returns ahead of last year in every division. We benefited from positive momentum in the Americas and also in Europe, particularly in the Northern and Eastern regions where we operate," said chief executive Alfred Manifold.

By region, the group’s Europe Heavyside division reported boosts in sales revenue and operating profits. However, its cement operations grew sales volumes in several countries where it faced price pressure and production overcapacity including Ireland, Spain and France. In Germany the group noted that sales volumes grew in its first full year of full ownership due to growth in residential building but that prices remained under pressure. Weak activity in Poland also affected pricing and reduced sales and operating profits.

Outside of Europe, the Americas Materials division also grew its sales and profits. Demand in North American cement markets increased as declines in Western Canada were offset by increases in Quebec and the US. In Brazil it reported that cement consumption fell by 12% in the southeast region and competition remained high. Finally, the group’s new Asia division said that cement demand grew in 2016 due to the private sector and government infrastructure spending. Its operating profit was also boosted by higher prices and lower input cost, including a lowered price of imported clinker. In China the group said that prices fell by due to a poor construction market and production overcapacity.

Nigeria: Dangote Cement’s earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) fell by 2% year-on-year to US$817m in 2016 from US$834m in 2015. However, its sales revenue rose by 25.1% to US$1.95bn from US$1.56bn and its sales volumes of cement rose by 25% to 23.6Mt from 18.9Mt. The cement producer reported a particular increase in sales volumes, revenue and earnings outside of Nigeria and it said that its export sales have turned Nigeria into a net exporter.

“We exported nearly 0.4Mt into neighbouring countries and in doing so, we achieved a great milestone by transforming Nigeria into a net exporter of cement. This is a remarkable achievement, given that only five years ago, Nigeria was one of the world’s largest importers, buying 5.1Mt of foreign cement at huge expense to our balance of payments. We will increase our exports substantially in 2017,” said chief executive officer Onne van der Weijde. He added that despite some local and temporary disruptions in Ethiopia and Tanzania, the cement producer strengthened its market share in every country. Operations are also due to start in the Republic of Congo and Sierra Leone in 2017.

By region, Nigeria’s economy entered into a recession in 2016. Dangote Cement increased its domestic sales volumes by 11.1% to 14.8Mt from 13.3Mt, although it said that its fourth quarter was hit by a price increase in September 2016. Despite the poor economic situation in the country it said that overall cement sales grew by 5.7% in 2016. Outside of Nigeria it increased its cement volumes by 54% to 8.64Mt from 5.61Mt, aided by the opening of a plant in Tanzania.

Tanzania: Sinoma will build a US$1bn cement plant in the coastal city of Tanga that is focused on exports. Prime Minister Kassim Majaliwa commended the plans following a meeting with representatives of Sinoma, Hengya Cement and local officials, according to the Xinhua News Agency. 70% of cement produced at the plant will be exported to local countries including Somalia, Kenya, Mozambique, Sudan, the Democratic Republic of Congo and Uganda. Construction at the site is expected to start in May 2017. The project will also include building a wharf to aid exports.

Myanmar: South Korea’s Yojin Construction & Engineering has placed an order for two cement mills from Loesche for installation in Myanmar. The order for a cement and slag mill is Loesche’s first in the country. The mills will be used at a grinding plant owned by Yojin Myanmar Engineering in Thilawa. They will each produce 75t/hr of cement with a fineness of 3300 Blaine. Operation is scheduled for mid-2017. Yojin is building its new grinding plant in the Thilawa Special Economic Zone south-east of Yangon. The site has an ambition to produce 1Mt/yr of cement.

India: The India Ratings and Research credit agency predicts that the cement industry will grow by 4 – 5% in the 2017 – 2018 financial year due to demand from infrastructure activities and a revival in housing demand in rural areas led by government spending. In a report it has revised downwards its growth estimates for the 2016 – 2017 period to 3 – 3.5% from 4 – 6% due to the negative effects of demonetisation. It added that, although the price of petcoke and coal has almost doubled since September 2016, it expects that stable cement demand will allow producers to pass these costs onto consumers in the 2017 – 2018 period.

Cement producers will add 50Mt/yr additional production capacity in the 2016 – 2018 period with the eastern region leading growth at 17Mt/yr followed by the north at 14Mt/yr. However, it fears that capacity increases in these regions may outpace demand. India Ratings said that the country’ cement production capacity utilisation rate was 70% in the 2015 – 2016 period and that it was likely to decrease to 65% following the effects of demonetisation. It is expected to rebound back to 70% in the next financial year.

Philippines: Cement sales rose by 6.6% year-on-year to 26Mt in 2016 from 24.4Mt in 2015 the Cement Manufacturers Association of the Philippines (CEMAP) has said. CEMAP president Ernesto Ordonez attributed the increase in sales to ‘continuing momentum for increased infrastructure,’ according to the Philippines Star newspaper. Despite this sales, volumes fell in the fourth quarter of the year. Ordonez blamed this on the run-up to the elections in 2016 and bad weather. Increased public and private infrastructure spending is expected to keep the local cement industry buoyant in 2017.