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Last week the US General Services Administration (GSA) announced that it was investing US$2bn on over 150 construction projects that use low-embodied carbon (LEC) materials. The funding is intended to support the use of US-manufactured low carbon asphalt, concrete, glass and steel as part of the Inflation Reduction Act. For readers who don’t know, the GSA manages federal government property and provides contracting options for government agencies. As part of this new message, it will spend US$767m on LEC concrete on federal government buildings projects following a pilot that started in May 2023. The full list of the projects can be found here.

This is relevant because the US-based ready-mixed concrete (RMX) market has been valued roughly at around US$60bn/yr. One estimate of how much the US federal government spent on concrete was around US$5bn in 2018. So the government buys a significant minority of RMX in the country, and if it starts specifying LEC products, this will affect the industry. And, at present at least, a key ingredient of all that concrete is cement.

This isn’t the first time that legislators in the US have specified LEC concrete. In 2019 Marin County in California introduced what it said was the world’s first building code that attempted to minimise carbon emissions from concrete production. It did this by setting maximum ordinary Portland cement (OPC) and embodied carbon levels and offering several ways suppliers can achieve this, including increasing the use of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM), using admixtures, optimising concrete mixtures and so on. Unlike the GSA’s approach in November 2023 though, this applies to all plain and reinforced concrete installed in the area, not just a portion of procured concrete via a government agency. Other similar regional schemes in the US include limits on embodied carbon levels in RMX in Denver, Colorado, and a reduction in the cement used in RMX in Berkeley, California. Environmental services company Tangible compiled a wider list of embodied carbon building codes in North America that can be viewed here. This grouping also includes the use of building intensity policies, whole building life cycle assessments (LCA), environmental product declarations (EPD), demolition and deconstruction directives, tax incentives and building reuse plans.

Government-backed procurement codes promoting or requiring the use of LEC building materials for infrastructure projects have been around for a while in various places. The general trend has been to start with measurement via tools such as LCAs and EPDs, move on to government procurement and then start setting embodied carbon limits for buildings. In the US the GSA’s latest pronouncement follows on from the Federal Buy Clean Initiative and from when California introduced its Buy Clean California Act in 2017. Outside of the US similar programmes have been introduced in countries including Canada, Germany, the Netherlands, Sweden and the UK. On the corporate side members of the World Economic Forum’s First Movers’ Coalition have committed to purchasing or specifying volumes of LEC cement and/or concrete by 2030. Examples of whole countries actually setting embodied carbon emissions limits for non-government buildings are rarer, but some are emerging. Both France and Sweden, for example, introduced laws in 2022 that start by analysing life-cycle emissions of buildings and will move on to setting embodied carbon limits in the late 2020s. Denmark, Finland and New Zealand are also in the process of introducing similar schemes. The next big move could be in the EU, where legislators are considering embodied carbon limits for building materials as part of its ongoing revisions to its Energy Performance of Buildings Directive or the Construction Products Regulation legislations. Lobbying, debate and arguing remains ongoing at present.

To finish, Ireland-based Ecocem spent a period in the 2010s attempting to build a slag cement grinding plant at Vallejo, Solano County, in the San Francisco Bay Area of California. The project met with considerable local opposition on environmental grounds and was eventually refused planning permission. The irony is that slag cement is one of those SCM-style cements that Marin County, also in the San Francisco Bay Area, started encouraging the use of just a few years later. Ecocem held its inaugural science symposium in Paris this week. A number of scientists who attended the event called for existing low carbon technologies to be adopted by the cement and concrete sectors as fast as possible. One such approach is to lower the clinker factor in cement through the use of products that Ecocem and other companies sell. A point to consider is, if Marin County’s code or the GSA’s recent procurement directive came earlier, then that slag plant in Vallejo might have been built. Encouraging the use of LEC building materials by governments looks set to proliferate but it may not be a straightforward process. Clear and consistent policies will be key.

Pakistan: Attock Cement has appointed Shuaib A Malik as its chair. He succeeds Laith G Pharaon in the post. Malik has worked for Attock Group for over 40 years becoming the chief executive officer of Attock Oil in 1995 and the head of Attock Group in 2006.

India: JK Cement expressed its heartfelt condolences to the family of Jitendra Singh, who died in Meerut, Uttar Pradesh, on 12 November 2023. Singh was formerly chief information officer at the company. He served from August 2016 to August 2023.

JK Cement said that Singh made an ‘unerasable mark’ on the group. It added “The technology industry has been subjected to loss as it lost a respected leader. The sudden nature of Mr Singh’s demise has left a void that will be challenging to fill. The condolences pour in not only from colleagues and industry peers but from all those who had the privilege of interacting with him.”

Kenya: Peter Kahi of PKF Consulting has been appointed as the administrator of Savannah Cement. This follows the resignation of Harveen Gadhoke, according to the Business Daily newspaper. Gadhoke was appointed as the administrator of the company in November 2022 when Absa and KCB attempted to put it into administration due to combined debts of US$66m. Savannah Cement fought back legally against the attempt to manage it externally but a court rejected this in July 2023.

Tanzania/Uganda: Switzerland-based Holcim has signed agreements to sell Uganda-based Hima Cement and Tanzania-based Mbeya Cement. Local industrial conglomerate Sarrai Group will acquire Hima Cement for US$120m, while local oil importer Amsons Group will acquire Mbeya Cement for an undisclosed sum.

Holcim’s Asia, Middle East & Africa regional head Martin Kriegner said “These divestments advance our strategy to consolidate our leadership in core markets as the global leader in innovative and sustainable building solutions. With the Sarrai Group and Amsons Group, we are pleased to have found strategic and trusted partners who are best positioned to develop these businesses in the long term.”

Colombia: Cementos Argos’ sales of cement declined by 3.4% year-on-year to 11.9Mt during the first nine months of 2023, from 12.3Mt in the first nine months of 2022. Volumes dropped by 0.9% to 4.61Mt in the US, by 3.6% to 4.35Mt in Colombia and by 6.6% to 2.97Mt in Central America and the Caribbean. Nonetheless, its revenues rose by 16% year-on-year, to US$2.47bn from US$2.14bn. This resulted in earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of US$506m, up by 37% year-on-year.

For the full year 2023, Cementos Argos raised its EBITDA forecast to US$617 – 630m, compared to a previous forecast of US$580 – 605m. It expects to invest US$200 – 220m in capital expenditure throughout the year – US$90 – 99m of it on the construction of new capacity.

Australia: The government has begun consultations with affected parties over the possible implementation of a carbon border tax on imports of goods from heavy industries, including cement production. The Herald Sun newspaper has reported that manufacturers’ associations in Australia have welcomed the possible change to emissions laws.

Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos’ board of directors has approved the issuance of US$180m-worth of non-convertible debentures. The producer says that it will use funds raised thereby as collateral for a financial securitisation operation of real estate receivables.

US: Holcim US has unrolled its Holcim branding in the Atlanta Metropolitan Area in Georgia. The producer operates cement terminals at Cartersville, Duluth and Covington.

Southeast regional sales manager Lee Amick said "The rebrand signifies Holcim’s unwavering commitment to Atlanta construction and building companies, along with the greater community that has come to know us as a trusted partner. We're looking forward to building on our long-standing reputation for reliability, dependability, and assurance, now further rooted in sustainability and a profound dedication to environmental responsibility."

Russia: Soyuzcement has warned the government that the cost of cement could rise by up to 30% year-on-year in 2024 due to mounting energy, logistics and staffing costs. The national cement manufacturing union has informed various departments and agencies - including the Ministry of Economy, the Ministry of Industry and Trade, the Ministry of Construction and the Federal Antimonopoly Service (FAS) - that this price rise will follow a 23 - 30% production cost inflation reported in 2023, according to the Kommersant newspaper. Other contributing factors have included negative currency exchange effects leading to a 20% rise in the cost of certain imported equipment items as well as logistic issues stemming from a shortage of drivers and declining fleet levels. Separate analysis by Kommersant estimates that the rising cost of cement in 2023 led to a 10 - 15% increase in the overall cost of construction in 2023.