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Sectoral adjustment continued for the cement industry in China in 2024. Now that the financial results from many of the larger China-based cement producers are out it gives Global Cement Weekly a chance to review the world’s biggest cement market. The decline in national output of cement accelerated in 2024 and the results showed this. CNBM summed up the situation as follows: “In 2024, affected by the reduction of real estate investment and the slowdown of infrastructure projects, the cement industry in China was caught in a situation of insufficient demand and aggravated overcapacity.” Output dropped by just under 10% year-on-year to 1.83Bnt in 2024 according to data from the National Bureau of Statistics of China (NBS). This is the fourth consecutive annual decline and the lowest figure the sector has experienced since around 2010.

Graph 1: Cement output in China, 2018 to 2024. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China.

The China Cement Association’s (CCA) assessment concurred with CNBM. Although it detected a slowing in the decline in the second half of 2024, especially in the fourth quarter. It noted that the country has a production capacity of 1.81Bnt/yr and an estimated clinker utilisation rate of 53% in 2024. Note the large apparent difference this may suggest between the NBS and CCA figures. Data from the NBS for the first quarter of 2025 has shown a slowing of the decline. Output was 331Mt, a fall of just 1.7% year-on-year from the same period in 2023. The CCA’s prediction for 2025 is that cement demand will fall by 5% as the real estate market continues to deflate. However, it expects government-led capacity reduction schemes to start making progress.

Graph 2: Sales revenue from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports.

Graph 3: Sales volumes of cement and clinker from selected Chinese cement producers. Source: Company financial reports.

CNBM’s sales revenue fell by 14% to US$24.8bn in 2024. Sales of its Basic Building Materials segment fell by 23% to US$12.5bn. This was blamed on falling volumes and prices of cement and other heavy building materials. Sales from the group’s two other segments - New Materials and Engineering Technology Services - rose modestly but this wasn’t enough to hold up total group sales. Operating profit from the Basic Building Materials segment decreased by 45% to US$544m. It was a similar picture at Anhui Conch with sales revenue and net profit down by 36% to US$12.4bn and by 25% to US$1.01bn respectively. Notably, CNBM’s sales volumes of cement decreased by 21% to 245Mt in 2024 compared to a decrease of 6.5% to 268Mt by Anhui Conch. This made Anhui Conch the world’s biggest cement company by sales volumes in 2024.

Tangshan Jidong Cement and China Resources Building Materials Technology (CRBMT) both reported a similar situation. Revenue was down and a net loss was reported by the former. Both revenue and net profit were down for the latter. CRBMT said that its cement capacity utilisation rate was 69% in 2024, down from 71% in 2023. This appears to be significantly higher than the national rate mentioned above by the CCA but the company’s regional distribution may be at play here.

Following from recent years, Huaxin Cement bucked the general market trend and its revenue rose modestly to US$4.7bn in 2024. Its net profit still fell by 12.5% to US$330m. Its overseas businesses made the difference. It reported an increase of 37% to 16.2Mt in overseas cement sales with its non-China cement production capacity rising by 8% to 22.5Mt/yr. Milestones include various new or upgraded plant projects in Sub-Saharan Africa capped off by its announcement at the end of 2024 that it was preparing to buy Lafarge Africa. Other cement companies were also keen to promote overseas activity. CNBM said that the first signing of overseas merger and acquisition was achieved in 2024. This is likely to be the purchase of the Djebel El Oust cement plant in Tunisia from Votorantim Cimentos that was completed in late March 2025. Tangshan Jidong Cement acquired the remaining 40% share in South Africa-based Mamba Cement in April 2024.

All of this leaves the cement sector in China still waiting for the market to stabilise. US tariffs seem unlikely to have an effect in any meaningful way unless the general economy is altered. The declining real estate sector and cement production overcapacity are the main drivers at the national level. The CCA expects the real estate market to continue to fall in 2025 although it hopes that government remedy measures will start to show an effect. It is more optimistic about capacity reduction plans. One route towards this is through merger and acquisition activity. In a recent response to investors about industry integration, Huaxin Cement speculated that the sector might consolidate down to 30 companies from around 300 at present. There is clearly still a way to go.

India: Orient Cement has appointed Vaibhav Dixit as its CEO. He succeeds Desk Deepak Khetrapal, who has resigned from the post. Other notable appointments include that of Vinod Bahety as chair and Kajal Sarda as chief financial officer.

Dixit has worked in the cement industry for more than 20 years with jobs at ACC, including Unit Head of Jamul Cement Works, Unit Head of Sindri Cement Works, Project Head at Sindri, Head Engineering of Bargarh Cement Works and Chief Manager Maintenance of Kymore Cement Works. He holds a bachelor’s degree in engineering from the Madhav Institute of Technology and Sciences.

Bahety became the CEO of Ambuja Cements and ACC earlier in April 2025. Prior to this, he was the CFO of the subsidiaries of Adani Group from 2022. He also worked as the Group Head for Merger & Acquisition at Adani Group. He holds qualifications as a chartered accountant and a cost and works accountant.

Sarda, a trained chartered accountant, has worked for other 20 years in business finance. She has been the Head of Financial Reporting at Adani Gorup since 2023. Prior to this, she worked for as Corporate Finance Controller for Hindustan Zinc and as a Marketing Controller at Bharat Aluminium Company.

Ambuja Cements secured approval from the Competition Commission of India in March 2025 to buy Orient Cement.

US: CRH has appointed Nancy Buese as its chief financial officer (CFO). She will be based in New York. She succeeds Alan Connolly in the post, who was working as interim CFO. Connolly will return to his previous role as Director of Strategic Finance in May 2025.

Buese previously worked as Executive Vice President and CFO at Baker Hughes Company and Newmont Corporation. She has also served as Executive Vice President and CFO at MarkWest Energy Partners and MPLX and was a partner at Ernst & Young. She is a graduate of the University of Kansas.

US: Titan America has appointed Jason Morin as the president of its Florida-based division. He succeeds Randy Dunlap in the post. Dunlap will continue to work for Titan America as Executive Director, Growth & Strategy.

Morin started his career in the cement sector when he joined Holcim in 2001. He held the roles of production manager, plant manager, Vice President of Environmental & Government Affairs and Vice President of Manufacturing for the company. He joined Summit Materials’ Continental Cement division in 2015. Then in 2021 he became the CEO of Black Mountain Sand, where he worked until 2023. After this he founded Rearden Advisors, a consultancy providing industrial clients with advisory services in the areas of operational excellence and strategic mergers and acquisitions. Prior to 2021, Morin was an officer in the US Army and worked for General Electric in strategic sourcing and operations leadership roles. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Clarkson University in engineering and management and a master’s of business administration from Missouri State University.

Titan America’s Florida Business Unit includes the Pennsuco cement plant and adjacent aggregate plant, as well as 40 ready-mix concrete plants, three quarries, eight concrete block plants, two fly ash plants, along with rail and marine import terminals.

Mexico: GCC has reported a 10% year-on-year decline in its net sales to US$247m in the first quarter of 2025, from US$273m a year earlier. Earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) fell by 11% to US$73.6m. US concrete volumes rose by 5%, as well as cement and concrete prices across the US and Mexico.

CEO Enrique Escalante said “Despite the challenges we faced during the first quarter, including adverse weather conditions and a dynamic global environment, the fundamentals of our business remain strong. As we move forward, we remain cautiously optimistic, supported by our ability to adapt quickly and leverage our competitive advantages to drive growth throughout the year.”

India: The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has issued a draft notification to establish India’s first compliance-based carbon market, according to The New Indian Express. The draft covers heavy industries such as cement, and lists 186 cement plants belonging to Ultratech Cement, Ambuja Cement, Dalmia Cement and others. These plants must cut greenhouse gas emission intensity (GEI) for two years, starting from the 2025–26 financial year under the Carbon Credit Trading Scheme 2023. Non-compliant producers must purchase carbon credit certificates, or failing this, face penalties from the Central Pollution Control Board. The draft will be finalised following a 60-day public consultation.

Russia: Siberian Cement’s (Sibcem) five cement plants produced 840,300t of cement in the first quarter of 2025, down by 5% year-on-year. The Topkinsky plant’s output fell by 10% to 346,500t, Iskitimcement by 9% to 210,200t, and Timlyuisky by 24% to 45,900t. Meanwhile, the Krasnoyarsk and Angarsk plants increased production by 10% and 21% to 128,600t and 109,200t respectively.

Vice president of Sibcem Gennady Rasskazov said “According to our calculations, in 2024 the capacity of the Siberian cement market decreased by 2% year-on-year, to 6.7Mt. Currently, demand continues to fall: in the first quarter of 2025, cement consumption in Siberia decreased by 4% year-on-year, and amounted to 1.08Mt. There is every reason to believe that negative trends will intensify in the future.”

Myanmar: A further 2400t of cement was delivered to Yangon Port on 20 April 2025, according to the Global Light of Myanmar newspaper. The government has permitted cement imports to meet rising demand during the open season and for post-earthquake resettlement works. Ships continue to bring cement into the country via the Kawthoung border, with further weekly deliveries scheduled. Three shipments of cement have already been delivered to Myanmar in April 2025.

Bahrain: New rules have placed strict demands on local producers and importers. A regulation signed by Industry and Commerce Minister Abdulla bin Adel Fakhro requires all cement sold in Bahrain to meet BS EN 197-1 and GSO ASTM C150 standards and be circulated with a conformity certificate from the Bahrain Standards and Metrology Directorate. News of Bahrain has reported that there will be regular laboratory testing, specific storage and transport conditions, and penalties for non-compliance. The move reportedly marks a push to raise the standard of construction materials.

Pakistan: Fauji Cement has launched a 26MW Ashar Navaid Solar Park at its Nizampur plant. The new solar facility will generate an average of 41,600MW/yr of renewable electricity.