Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW506 / 19 May 2021

Headlines


The UK construction market is in a funny situation right now. As the economy has started to grow in 2021, shortages of building materials have been reported following the relaxation of coronavirus-related restrictions. In April 2021, for example, the Construction Leadership Council (CLC) added cement, aggregates and certain plastics to its existing lists of products in short supply. These commodities joined a slew of other materials, including timber, steel, roof tiles, bricks and imported products such as screws, fixings, plumbing items, sanitaryware, shower enclosures, electrical products and appliances. The CLC advised all users to, “plan for increased demand and longer delays, keep open lines of communication with their suppliers and order early for future projects.”

Skip forward a month to May 2021 and these shortages are on more people’s minds with the announcement by the Office for National Statistics that UK monthly construction output grew by 5.8% month-on-month to around Euro16.5bn in March 2021 due to both new work and to repair and maintenance projects. Quarter-on-quarter output also rose by 2.6%, adding to the impression of a building sector emerging from the fog of lockdown. In the face of this good news Nigel Jackson, the chief executive of the UK mineral Products Association (MPA), was asked about reported shortages of cement. He told local press this week that “it would not be surprising if there were short-term issues of supply as the economy gathers momentum.” He added that the biggest issues had been observed in levels of bagged cement typically used in domestic projects.

The MPA followed this up with the results of a survey of building materials manufacturers that reported a slow but steady start to 2021 with mounting construction demand month-on-month. Sales volumes of aggregates and concrete were both up quarter-on-quarter but volumes of asphalt and mortar fell. Unfortunately that survey didn’t cover cement volumes but it did have more to say about concrete. In its view ready-mixed concrete sales had been subdued since 2017 due to the UK’s departure from the European Union (Brexit) and a general slowdown in residential building. The market recovery seen so far in 2021 was likely to be merely a return to growth from a subdued level of activity that pre-dates Covid-19.

At the time of writing the UK government faces a decision about whether to continue opening up the economy or exercise caution in the face of the as-yet unknown consequences of the Indian variant of coronavirus. This may delay talk of building materials shortages but it can’t avoid it forever. In the UK, cement shortages appear to be due to the self-build segment and will hopefully soon be resolved.

A shortage of cement in the UK may not mean much to people outside the country, with the exception of exporters. Yet the wider picture here is that the coronavirus pandemic has affected the production of building materials, changed end-user behaviour and distorted markets around the world. Other examples include the row over the price of cement in Nigeria, the boom in cement sales in Brazil in the second half of 2020 or reported shortages in Jamaica this week. A significant number of people, when forced to spend more time at home, appeared to save money and then decided to either move to a different house or make their current one better. Yet at the same time differing government restrictions and market fluctuations have seen building material output levels vary widely. Other reasons are at play both local and international. Brexit in the UK is one example of the former, as importers and exporters have been forced to grapple with new rules and costs. The temporary blockage of the Suez Canal in March 2021 is one example of the latter. No wonder supply chains are struggling. That last point goes wider than building materials though, for example, as anyone trying to buy semiconductors has discovered. One fear behind all of this though is whether these are temporary shortages or whether inflation is on the way for the global economy generally. In this is the case, then it signals the end of the low consumer inflation rate era since the financial crash in 2008 and may herald changes in behaviour from both producers and consumers.


China: China Resources Cement has appointed Jing Shiqing as its vice president.

Jing joined China Resources Cement in 2003 working in various production technology, human resources management and administration management. He became the Deputy General Manager of the Human Resources Department in 2018 and became a non-executive director of the company in the same year. Jing holds a bachelor's degree in engineering from the Changsha University of Science and Technology and a master's degree of business administration from the Nanjing University.


India: Cement demand will drop by an estimated 20% year-on-year in the three months up to 30 June 2021, the first quarter of the 2022 financial year in India. Credit rating agency Fitch Ratings has attributed the projected decrease to a significant drop in rural housing’s bagged cement uptake due to state governments’ coronavirus lockdowns, which prevent retailers from opening. The Hindu newspaper has reported that this type of construction previously generated one third of demand. Segments such as urban housing, commercial construction and infrastructure will be less affected, according to the forecast.

Prime Minister Narendra Modi has not yet implemented a national lockdown in response to the country’s second wave of coronavirus. New cases numbered 264,000 on 17 May 2021, down by 20% week-on-week from 330,000 on 10 May 2021.


Vietnam: SSI Research has predicted that Vietnamese cement exports will not grow in 2021. The reason for this is the expected stabilisation of China’s domestic cement supply, which is forecast to increase its share of the market. The Viet Nam News newspaper has reported that China accounts for 57% of Vietnamese cement and clinker exports. Other factors restricting export growth are safeguard duties in Bangladesh and the Philippines and the Vietnam government’s mandatory minimum domestic sales regulations, variously between 65% and 70% of total output.


Mexico: Cement production in Mexico grew by 24% year-on-year to 56Mt in 2020. This was its highest figure in the last five years, according to BNamericas. Data from INEGI, Mexico’s national institute of statistics, shows that production in January 2021 grew by 14.5% year-on-year to 4.2Mt. Yanina Navarro, the director of the National Cement Chamber (CANACEM), said that consumption changed in 2020 to favour bagged cement over bulk. She added that cement production was allowed to continue through coronavirus-related lockdowns in 2020 as it was classified as an ‘essential’ industry.


Spain: Cement consumption grew by 120% year-on-year to 1.24Mt of cement in April 2021 from 0.57Mt in April 2020. Oficemen, the Spanish cement association, says that the rise continues a pre-coronavirus positive trend, representing an increase of 3% from April 2019 levels. It added that the demand was the highest of any April since 2011. The association nonetheless urged caution in light of a 4% drop in four-month cement demand levels compared with the first four months of 2019, and a more moderate 25% increase year-on-year from 2020 levels.

In April 2021, Spanish producers exported 812,000t of cement, up by 230% from 248,000t in April 2020.


Taiwan: Taiwan Cement’s revenue rose by 11.3% year-on-year to US$788m in the first quarter of 2021. Its income increased by 11% to US$119m. It attributed this to profit growth in its cement businesses in Taiwan and Europe despite ‘weak’ sales prices in China.

Chairman Nelson Chang said, “To reduce carbon emissions, using alternative fuel and material for cement production, adopting renewable energy, and expanding energy storage usage are crucial and Taiwan Cement aims to play our role in helping society achieving the goal of a low carbon environment.” In 2020 the group processed over 9Mt of alternative fuels in its Greater China business.


Brazil: CSN Cimentos has filed for an initial public offering (IPO). Reuters previously reported that the Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) subsidiary entered talks with Banco Bradesco and JPMorgan Chase regarding management of a future IPO in February 2021. CSN has not revealed the bank it has chosen.


India: Prism Johnson has added a proposed addition of 1Mt/yr to the cement grinding production capacity at its 5.6Mt/yr integrated plant at Satna in Madhya Pradesh. The project is expected to cost around US$34m with a scheduled commissioning date by September 2023. In January 2021 the cement producer said it was considering investing US$19m in a 0.9Mt/yr expansion to the Satna plant with a commissioning date by December 2021.


Ivory Coast: The Ministry of Commerce and Industry has set caps for the ex-factory and retail price of cement. Maximum prices have been designated for 32.5 and 42.5 grades of Ordinary Portland Cement in both urban and rural areas, according to the Agence de Presse Africaine. The ministry said that arrangements had been made with producers to keep the market supplied. It added that failure to comply with the designated prices would lead to penalties.


Jamaica: Builders have complained about a shortage of cement with mounting delays between ordering the product and receiving it. However, Caribbean Cement has denied that there is any disruption to supply, according to the Jamaica Observer newspaper. However, the producer did note that there is currently an ‘extraordinary’ demand for cement due to a boom in the construction sector. It is currently increasing production to meet the surge.
Caribbean Cement says it produced over 0.1Mt of cement in March 2021, a record in recent monthly production. In 2020 it produced over 0.94Mt.


Poland: HeildelbergCement subsidiary Górażdże Group plans to vaccinate 700 of its employees against Covid-19. A first dose will be administered in mid-May 2021 followed by a second in June 2021. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine will be used and administered on company sites. The corporate health campaign will be conducted as part of the country’s National Immunisation Program.


Germany/Sweden: Sweden-based BillerudKorsnäs and Germany-based Haver & Boecker have decided to continue jointly developing further standards for sack packaging following positive feedback in 2020. The sack packaging norms include recommendations for the development and use of packaging solutions and processes and define basic standard know-how or standard procedures. They are intended to provide orientation for regular questions that manufacturers of bulk materials face.

"Together BillerudKorsnäs and Haver & Boecker now offer a set of recommendations to minimise problems and maximise performance in the packaging chain. If manufacturers and users of paper sack packaging follow the recommendations and guidelines and implement usage of these norms in their supply chain, efficient and effective packaging production, filling, handling, storage and transport of the end products will be ensured," says Mikael Peterson, Technical Service Director at BillerudKorsnäs.

BillerudKorsnäs has contributed experience in packaging paper production as well as analytical tests, design and developments at the BillerudKorsnäs Packaging Development Centre. Haver & Boecker has contributed its experience in filling technology and handling of powdered bulk materials.


Sweden: Researchers at the department of architecture and civil engineering at the Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in Västra Götaland county are developing a technology to enable concrete to store energy in the manner of a rechargeable battery. The team has proposed a design based on cement mixed with short carbon fibres. The concrete is then fitted with a metal-coated carbon fibre mesh that forms the battery’s anode and cathode. The team says that a future product based on the technology would enable solar-powered roads and buildings to store their own energy. Additionally, the introduction of sensors to the system would enable full and constant monitoring of the condition of the structure.

Chief researcher Emma Zhang said, “Results from earlier studies investigating concrete battery technology showed very low performance, so we realised we had to think out of the box, to come up with another way to produce the electrode. This particular idea that we have developed – which is also rechargeable – has never been explored before. Now we have proof of concept at lab scale.”


Nigeria: Dangote Cement says that work is underway to increase its total cement production capacity in Nigeria by 4.5Mt/yr before September 2021. The Guardian newspaper has reported that plans consist of new lines at the company’s cement plants in Obajana, Kogi state, and Okpella, Edo state, and the restart of production at its plant at Gboko, Benue state. Sales and marketing director Rabiu Umar said that the reason behind the decision was a surge in demand leading to a ‘sold-out’ situation in the country. He added that the firm has also ceased its export programmes in order to better serve the needs of domestic consumption.


Australia: James Hardie’s consolidated net sales increased by 12% year-on-year in the 2021 financial year to US$2.91bn from US$2.61bn in the 2020 financial year. Its adjusted earnings before interest, depreciation and taxation (EBIT) rose by 29% US$629m from US$487m. The producer recorded increased fibre cement sales in North America, by 12% to US$2.04bn from US$1.82bn, and in Asia Pacific, by 3% to US$496m from US$479m. The group’s Europe building products division’s sales rose by 5% to US$273m from US$261m.

Chief executive Jack Truong said, “I am proud of our globally integrated team’s ability to close out the fiscal year with a fourth quarter of exceptionally strong results. We have now delivered eight consecutive quarters of consistent profitable growth, including record financial results each of the past three quarters. Our performance in fiscal year 2021 marked a significant step change across multiple facets of our global company that allowed us to deliver this consistent profitable growth on an expanding global scale. Over the past 12 months, we were able to accelerate our strategy: firstly to unlock capacity and increase efficiency in our global manufacturing network through LEAN initiatives, and secondly to better integrate our supply chain with our customers, which collectively drove consistent market share gains in all three regions.”


Philippines: The Philippine cement industry has met some of its investment commitments set out in the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI)’s adjustment plans for its imposition of safeguard measures against imported cement. The Manila Bulletin newspaper has reported that producers have invested around US$250m in making their product more competitive for local buyers although the industry has deferred US$1.54bn-worth of further agreed-upon spending to before 2025. The Tariff Commission (TC) said that companies’ reasons for delaying the completion of their adjustment commitments were Covid-19-led disruptions to production, transport and services. The DTI set out the commitments in the form of 20 plans, of which the industry has now fully implemented 12. The TC said that the sector is ‘determined’ to meet the remaining goals. It added that the damaging impacts of the coronavirus outbreak were lessened by the previous implementation of tariffs, which rose to US$0.20/bag in December 2020. The commission said "To date, it can be concluded that the intervention was timely and proper, as it has provided breathing space for the domestic industry and has mainly contributed to increasing the industry's market competitiveness."


India: A high court has ruled that all cement producers have the right to use common words on their cement bags, even where those words are trademarked by another producer. The Times of India newspaper has reported that the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) has until mid-July 2021 to respond to the ruling. JK Cement previously launched the legal action against the BIS’s blanket ban on trademarked words including ‘super,’ ‘strong,’ 'damp-proof,' 'corrosion-proof' and 'weather shield.'


Switzerland: France-based Vicat subsidiary Vigier Holding has agreed to sell precast concrete producer Creabeton Matériaux to Müller Steinag Holding. The group says that it will finalise the deal within the first half of 2021.

Creabeton Matériaux specialises in the prefabrication of concrete products. It has a workforce of nearly 380 employees and reported a turnover of Euro83m in 2020. Vigier Holding will retains its railway business including the construction of concrete sleepers.


India: Ramco Cements has commissioned a 48 cylinder/day oxygen plant at its Ramasamy Raja Nagar cement plant in Virudhunagar district, Tamil Nadu. It is donating the oxygen to local hospitals treating Covid-19 patients. The cost of the plant was US$68,500. Each 45l cylinder has a useful life of 10 – 12 hours. The company says that the new plant will save around 24 lives a day.


India: Penna Cement has filed for an initial public offering (IPO) worth US$212m. It plans to offer US$34m-worth of shares for sale and to issue equity shares worth US$177m. United News of India has reported that part of the money raised will fund capital expenditure (capex) investments worth US$58m. The company’s plans consist of a second line at its Krishnapatnam grinding plant in Andhra Pradesh, an upgrade of raw materials and clinker grinding at its integrated Talaricheruvu plant in Andhra Pradesh, and new waste heat recovery (WHR) units at its Talaricherevu plant and its integrated Tandur plant in Telangana. It additionally plans to repay previous loans.


Kenya: Domestic cement consumption was 607,000t in February 2021, down for a third consecutive month and below mid-coronavirus lockdown levels of 723,000t in October 2020. Labour shortages and a national economic slowdown have slowed housing and infrastructure growth since 2020, while commercial construction has declined as companies opt not to invest in office space. The Business Daily newspaper as reported that uncertainty about the economic situation continues in May 2021.


UK: The Mineral Products Association (MPA) has described first-quarter building materials demand as ‘resilient’ in 2021 despite renewed coronavirus lockdown restrictions, on-going supply chain disruptions and wet winter weather. Following a recent survey the association says that continued housing activity – with increased home improvements – and an acceleration in infrastructure work, driven by a new roads programme and the start of the HS2 high-speed railway, drove minor growth during the quarter. Ready-mix concrete demand rose by 2% year-on-year, while mortar demand fell by 7% during the period. The MPA said that both products are mostly used in the early stages of construction, thus serving as a barometer for construction activity ahead in the short term.

The MPA reports that since September 2020, construction growth has remained close to zero, whilst new contract awards have been ’weak’ since May 2020. The downward trend of housing-led mortar demand in the first quarter of 2021 continues a pre-pandemic decline since mid-2018. Thus, housing activity growth is considered unlikely to continue beyond the completion of existing projects ahead of the end of a land tax holiday and a deadline in a first time buyers loan scheme. The MPA described the slow growth of ready-mixed concrete demand as ‘concerning.’ Low housing activity and few new commercial projects compounded the difficult recovery: non-infrastructure projects normally generate 60% of demand. Ready-mix concrete producers rely on London and the South East region for over 30% of sales. First-quarter volumes were 9% below the previous five-year average, despite three consecutive quarters of growth since the first coronavirus lockdown in the first half of 2020.

Director of Economics Affairs Aurelie Delannoy said, “Mineral products manufacturers are busy supplying post- lockdown pent-up demand, particularly for domestic activity such as landscaping, repair and maintenance and home improvements, as well as infrastructure projects.” She added “The outlook for this year and next is also positive, but the stakes are high. Any optimism assumes activity is not disrupted by renewed outbreaks of Covid-19 and, most importantly, relies on the government delivering on its planned infrastructure commitments. MPA members tell us they are yet to see a more clear-cut pick-up in new house building, whilst any recovery in commercial development is expected to remain muted given the current reticence for major new investments.”


South Korea: A man has died in hospital after a crane collapsed onto him while working at SsangYong C&E’s Donghae cement plant in Gangwon province on 14 May 2021. The Korea Herald newspaper has reported that the man worked for a construction company contracted by the cement producer. Police are investigating the incident.


Greece: The consolidated revenues of the Titan Cement Group came to Euro371m in the first quarter of 2021, a decrease of 4% compared to the first quarter of 2020. The company said that the decline was due in part to the weakness of the US Dollar and currencies linked to it. It said that organic growth was solid, with revenue rising by 3% in local currency terms.

During the first quarter of 2021, Titan’s earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) grew by 38% to Euro56.1m compared to Euro40.6m in the same period of 2020. However, Titan noted that deferred maintenance costs, which will now be reflected in the second quarter of 2021, would have pegged its first quarter EBITDA back by around Euro8.3m.

The group said that 2021 started positively, with robust demand in the US, particularly in March 2021. It also observed solid market trends in Southeast Europe, as well as continued favourable momentum in Greece and some improvement in the eastern Mediterranean.

All product lines showed positive trends in terms of sales volumes. The group's cement and clinker sales increased by 3%, supported by increased demand in most markets. Ready-mixed concrete and aggregate sales volumes increased by 1% and 3% respectively.


UK: The Mineral Products Association (MPA) has warned of the likelihood of a short-term shortage of cement. It identified the cause of a probable shortage as the rise in construction leading to record cement demand. Bagged cement, of which the industry delivers 12.0Mt/yr, is most at risk of running out. The Daily Telegraph newspaper has reported that domestic projects are rising most sharply due to the deployment of the Euro232bn of costs saved during coronavirus lockdowns, and the recommencement of suspended projects from the same periods.

MPA chief executive officer Nigel Jackson said “We appear to be coming out of this period of Covid-19 lockdowns; the roadmap is on course; people's confidence and optimism is growing. A lot of people have been confined to their homes and taken the decision to invest in improving because they're not moving.”


Mexico: Cemex has partnered with UK-based oil company BP to accelerate the progress of its ambition for net-zero CO2 concrete by 2050. The partners have signed a memorandum of understanding to develop cement production and transport decarbonisation solutions. Such solutions include the transition to reduced-emissions power and vehicles, energy efficiency-improvements, carbon capture and storage (CCS) and carbon offsetting. In addition, the companies will collaborate on urbanisation solutions to decarbonise cities.

Sustainability, commercial, and operations development executive vice president Juan Romero said “Concrete plays an integral role in society, and there are no substitutes for its key attribute – strength and resilience. We believe it will continue to have a critical role in a low carbon economy, and the challenge for the industry is to find solutions to the manufacturing process emissions.” He added “This initiative with BP is another example of the work we are doing with partners across industries, academia, and startups to tap into the latest innovation and disruptive technology to achieve our ambition of delivering net-zero CO2 concrete globally to all of our customers.”


Switzerland: LafargeHolcim subsidiary Holcim Schweiz’s Eclépens cement plant generated 443,000kWh of energy via its waste heat recovery (WHR) plant in April 2021. The company said that the energy was enough to power 1000 households for the month. The figure brings the plant’s four-month 2021 total energy generation to over 1,000,000kWh. The producer said that the positive trend puts it on course to achieve its annual target of 4,000,000kWh in 2021.


India: Birla Corporation’s board of directors has approved the issuance of up to US$27.3m-worth of secured redeemable non-convertible debentures (NCDs). The Telegraph newspaper has reported that the company will issue the NCDs in one or more tranches before May 2022.


 Malaysia: Malayan Cement has agreed to acquire YTL Cement’s cement and ready-mix concrete operations in Malaysia. MarketLine News has reported the value of the deal as US$1.25bn.


France: Hoffman Green Cement Technologies has supplied cement for Groupe GCC’s construction of a new secondary school in Aizenay, Vendée department. The Le Moniteur newspaper has reported that the cement will be used in concrete features of the Level-3 Biobased building. Groupe GCC will supply other elements made of wood. The project is the first use of Hoffman Green Cement Technologies’ products in a public building.


Japan: Taiheiyo Cement recorded full-year consolidated net sales of US$7.89bn in its 2021 financial year to 31 March 2021, down by 2% year-on-year from US$8.07bn in the 2020 financial year. The group’s net profit rose by 20% to US$427m from US$357m. Domestic cement sales volumes fell by 4.8% to 13.8Mt and exports sales dropped by 2.2% to 3.8Mt. The cement producer attributed this to falling local demand for cement since June 2020 due to the suspension of construction work in response to the coronavirus pandemic. It also noted a shortage of construction workers.


India: Shree Cement has received approval from the state government of Karnataka for its planned US$81.5m Doddaballapur cement grinding and bagging plant. The Hindu newspaper has reported that, when operational, the plant will employ 300 local people.


India: Birla Corporation’s consolidated revenue fell by 1.6% year-on-year to US$936m in its 2021 financial year that ended on 31 March 2021 from US$951m in its 2020 financial year. Its cement sales volumes decreased by 1.8% to 13.4Mt from 13.6Mt. However, its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 1.2% to US$195m from US$193m. It blamed falling sales on the coronavarus pandemic but it said it was able to increase earnings and profits by ‘aggressively’ rationalising costs.

"In the light of the massive disruptions faced at the beginning of the financial year, the 2021 financial year wasn't disappointing from the standpoint of profitability. Our performance reflected the resilience we have built over the years to external shocks. We also benefited from the stimulus provided by the government. But in the wake of the second wave of the pandemic, the year ahead looks more challenging. To my mind, India's ability to contain the pandemic through rapid inoculation and other means holds the key to economic revival," said Harsh Vardhan Lodha, chairman of Birla Corporation.

The cement producer also said that work on its new 3.9Mt/yr integrated cement plant in Mukutban, Maharashtra had been delayed due to a shortage of workers related to the ongoing health crisis. The plant is currently scheduled for commissioning by the end of the 2021 calendar year.


Jamaica: Caribbean Cement has announced plans to invest US$11.5m in total in capacity-expanding upgrades and modernisation of its cement production over the next three years to 2024. The Jamaica Information Service has reported that the company reached its current installed cement production capacity of 1.3Mt/yr after US$82.4m-worth of investments between 2016 and 2020. The subsidiary of Mexico-based Cemex operates an integrated cement plant at Rockford in Kingstown.


UK: Tarmac has renewed its partnership with the Peak District National Park until 2026. Under the partnership, the company organises volunteering and funds an engagement conservation job role at the national park in Derbyshire. Since 2016, volunteers from Tarmac’s Tunstead quarry have built dry stone walls, restored a footbridge and helped to manage ancient hay meadows. In several areas of the park, volunteers have also replaced benches.

Tunstead quarry stone and powders director Pete Butterworth said that he was ‘delighted’ about the renewal. He added, “By sponsoring the engagement role, we also enable many people to get involved in practical projects which make a significant contribution to the maintenance and improvement of this beautiful area.”