Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW509 / 09 June 2021

Headlines


Little trickles of detail about the European Union’s (EU) proposed carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) started to emerge last week. The key bit of information that Bloomberg managed to squeeze out of their source was that a transition period with a simplified system is being considered from 2023 and then a full version could turn up in 2026. Cement importers, and those in selected other heavy industries, would be required to buy electronic emission certificates at prices corresponding to those in the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS). Other titbits include: that the prices will be set on a weekly basis based on the average carbon permit price within the EU that week; a default value will be devised for importers who can’t back up their emissions data; and imports from a country with its own carbon pricing scheme will be entitled to a discount. The plans are due to be made public in mid-July 2021. Debate is then expected to follow before approval will be required from the European Parliament and member states.

The detail isn’t out there yet but the CBAM is set to collide with trade agreement territory. For example, how the draft agreement tackles issues such as exports from Europe and whether importers should be compensated for not receiving a free allocation of carbon credits could be seen to offer competitive advantage to one party or another. Climate policy will clash with trade policy once or if the CBAM makes in into law. At this point countries that import cement into the EU may start trying to negotiate or complaining to the World Trade Organisation. One previous example of climate policy bashing into trade agreements is when the EU tried and failed to apply the ETS to aviation in the early 2010s. The experience from this incident is expected to inform the European Commission’s approach on the CBAM.

Outside the EU, new carbon pricing schemes have been popping up all over the place and various cement associations are creating or refining their own carbon neutral plans. Last week in North America, for example, the Cement Association of Canada said it was working with the government on launching a roadmap by the end of 2021. In the US, the Portland Cement Association (PCA) has also been hard at work to publish its own roadmap by the end of 2021. Meanwhile, over in the oil sector there were a couple of victories for activist shareholders in May 2021 with Shell, Exxon Mobil and Chevron all being forced to make changes to their climate change polices by courts and activist investors. This makes one wonder how long it will be before the same thing happens to cement companies.

All this increases the pressure between trading agreements and climate legislation. One of the questions that has popped up at Global Cement’s webinar series has been whether attendees thought that a global carbon pricing and/or trading scheme might be a realistic position or not (the majority said ‘yes’ within 20 years). Yet the EU CBAM, all these sustainability plans and continued pressure by investor activist don’t happen in isolation. They occur in an interconnected world.

So it was both non-surprising and eye-popping to discover recently that a private carbon exchange is being prepared in Singapore for a launch by the end of 2021. Climate Impact X (CIX) is being backed by DBS Bank, Singapore Exchange, Standard Chartered and the Singapore-government owned investment company Temasek. As for which companies would actually voluntarily enter into a scheme that would actively reduce profits, the answer lies above. Any organisation looking to trade between carbon pricing jurisdictions might well have an economic incentive to find a truly international scheme that was reputable. Or, perhaps, a publicly owned company dealing in carbon-intensive products might be bullied into one by its activist investors. The focus on such an exchange being reputable is essential here, given the potentially large amounts of money that could be involved and the mixed views on existing carbon offsetting schemes. CIX says it will use satellite monitoring, machine learning and blockchain technology to ensure the integrity of its carbon credits and this is certainly thinking in the right direction. Until it arrives though, we wait to see the detail on the EU CBAM.


India/US: Mahendra Singhi, the head of India-based Dalmia Cement (Bharat), has been invited to represent the Carbon Pricing Leadership Coalition (CPLC) as Carbon Pricing Champion. He will work with Feike Sijbesma, Honorary Chair of Board of Royal DSM to devise carbon pricing strategies for the Asia-Pacific region

The CPLC is a global coalition promoted by the World Bank Group. It is represented by 34 national and sub-national governments, 172 private sector organizations 100 strategic partners non government organisations, business organisations, and universities. The voluntary initiative aims to accelerate climate change mitigation by securing the place of carbon pricing on the global agenda.


UK: Aggregate Industries has appointed Kirstin McCarthy as its sustainability director as part of its executive committee. She will be responsible for the company’s ambitions to become a leading sustainable business and net-zero company. McCarthy brings over 20 years’ experience in environmental management to the role. Prior to joining the subsidiary of Switzerland-based Lafarge-Holcim business, she was Head of Sustainability at Birmingham Airport for more than six years.


Italy: Zoomlion Europe has appointed Petre Babiceanu as its general manager. He will be responsible for the development of the company’s forklift, aerial work platform, tower and mobile crane business lines, as well as for the operational coordination of the company’s production plant in Italy.

Babiceanu holds over 20 years in senior management roles. His first post at Terra Holding was as Country Manager, when he was responsible for setting up the group's business in Romania. He later acted as South-East Regional Director and then as Group General Manager for Lifting Machinery, overseeing the development and distribution of various brands in the construction sector and starting a new lifting division. He holds a master's degree in civil engineering from the Technical University of Civil Engineering of Bucharest.

China-based Zoomlion established its European subsidiary in 2018 as a regional hub for the production and distribution of its branded product lines.


Russia: Mikhailovsky Building Material Works (Mikhailovsky KSM), part of Smikom Group, has received conditional approval to acquire Eurocement. Interfax has reported that the Federal Antimonopoly Service made its approval on a number of conditions including the requirement that Mikhailovsky KSM submits to it a quarterly performance report. If prices rise by more than 5% in a month then the company will be required to explain why to the regulator. The producer will also be obliged to fulfil any existing contracts and preserve the technological capability of its production base.

Eurocement currently holds a 35% market share in Central district, the region where Mikhailovsky KSM produces its building materials.


India: Anjani Portland Cement has completed its acquisition of an 83% stake in Bhavya Cements. The transaction’s value was US$83.2m


Brazil: Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) has entered talks to acquire Cimento Elizabeth. The Valor Econômico newspaper has reported the potential value of any future deal as up to US$250m. An agreement is reportedly expected in June 2021.

Farallon Capital acquired Cimento Elizabeth and Elizabeth Mineração from the Crispin family for US$185m in 2020. It operates the 1.2Mt/yr Cimento Elizabeth cement plant in Paraíba. CSN currently does not have a presence in the region.


Czech Republic: Mexico-based Cemex plans to install a 2MW waste heat recovery (WHR) plant using supercritical CO2 (sCO2) at its Prachovice cement plant. The unit is intended to provide up to 8% of the plant’s electricity requirements.

The producer is part of a consortium studying new sCO2 WHR systems. The EU Horizon 2020 Industrial Heat to Power fund awarded Euro14m in financial backing to the consortium. The project is intended to demonstrate a cheaper and more flexible method of waste heat valorisation compared to the steam or organic rankine cycle approaches conventionally used in WHR.

Plant director Karol Czubara said, “The new sCO2 technology has a smaller footprint and higher operational flexibility than conventional power plant cycles, which produce power from turbines using water or steam.”


France/Syria: The Court of Cassation, a court of last resort, is considering whether a charge of crimes against humanity should be upheld against Lafarge. However, charges of financing terrorism, endangering life and violating an embargo seem set to stay. The legal case is investigating the company’s conduct in Syria between 2011 and 2014. It has been accused of financing terrorism through indirect payments to extremist groups to keep its Jalabiya cement plant operational after the outbreak of war in Syria. The Court of Cassation is expected to deliver its verdict on 15 July 2021.


Zambia: Zambezi Portland Cement has allowed retail purchases directly from its integrated Ndola plant to reduce price exploitation. Chief executive officer Gomeli Litana said that the plant had made the decision to help small consumers, according to the Times of Zambia newspaper. He added that the producer was implementing a fixed price and was not attempting to interfere in the general retail market.


Gabon: Ciments d'Afrique (CIMAF) has launched a 32.5 grade of cement intended for masonry work. Local dignitaries, including government minister Pascal Houangni Ambourouet, Owendo mayor Jeanne Mbagou and Moroccan ambassador Abdellah Sbihi, attended the launch event, according to the Gabon Review. The subsidiary of Morocco based CIMAF already sells a 42.5 grade product on the local market for larger structures.


India: LafargeHoclim subsidiary Ambuja Cement has launched Ambuja Cool Walls, a product consisting of its aerated pre-cast concrete blocks. The producer says that Cool Walls have improved strength compared to walls made of brick. They also increase buildings’ insulation, according to the producer.


EU: The Concrete Initiative (TCI) has announced its official partnership with European Green Deal-driven sustainable construction initiative New European Bauhaus (NEB). The partnership’s first undertaking will be to draft a concrete sector manifesto around the NEB objectives of beauty, sustainability and affordability.

The TCI said, “We look forward to working together with the construction value chain and citizens living in the built environment to rethink the way we live and connect people through beautiful, green, innovative and inclusive design.”


Bangladesh: MI Cement, also known as Crown Cement, has revived plans worth US$90m to add a sixth production line at its cement grinding plant in Munshiganj. The upgrade will bring the unit’s production capacity to 19,280t/day from 11,000t/day. The initiative was originally announced in early 2019.


Ghana: Residents of the McCarthy Hill district in Accra have launched a protest against China-based Empire Cement’s planned McCarthy Hill cement plant. The Daily Guide newspaper has reported that protestors allege that the proposed plant would contaminate water which flows through active salt mines. They have also complained about potential dust emissions from the site. So far the company has broken ground on the project and three silos are in place.


Spain: The total CO2 emissions of cement and clinker production in Spain fell by 14% year-on-year in 2020. The El Economista newspaper has reported that a report by the Sustainability Observatory recorded that 10 Spanish companies were responsible for emitting 51Mt of CO2 in 2020 or 56% of the national total.


US: The Boston Globe newspaper has reported that the single biggest threat to the US government’s planned industrial reinvigoration based around a US$2.2tn federal infrastructure spending plan is a shortage of resources. The newspaper named a lack of workers and cement mills as particular concerns. It reported that the National Association of Home Builders has called for tariffs to be cut for certain key building materials such as lumber and that more cement should be imported.


US: Aggregate producer Vulcan Materials Company has agreed to buy US Concrete for US$1.29bn.The transaction has been unanimously approved by the boards of directors of both companies and is expected to close in the second half of 2021, subject to US Concrete shareholder approval, regulatory clearance and other customary closing conditions.

Tom Hill, Chairman and chief executive officer of Vulcan Materials Company, said, "US Concrete is an important Vulcan customer in a number of key areas, and this transaction is a logical and exciting step in our growth strategy as we further bolster our geographic footprint.”

US Concrete runs 27 aggregates operations serving California, Texas and the Northeast US. It shipped 12.6Mt of aggregates in 2020. Vulcan also said that the acquisition represented a ‘natural’ addition to Vulcan's business. The deal also adds US Concrete’s ready-mixed concrete operations to Vulcan's existing concrete business.


China: China Concrete has appealed against the Environmental Protection Department’s decision to reject its application to renew its licence to operate the cement storage facility at its Yau Tong concrete plant in Hong Kong. The concrete producer said that the rejection was both unfounded and unconventional. The Harbour Times newspaper has reported that the company alleged that state-owned local property developers Minmetals Limited, Qingjian Realty and Yuexiu Property pressured the authority.

Managing director Bono Tsang said, “As early as May last year, we expressed to the government our willingness to relocate the plant despite a huge investment cost, and we proactively proposed tentative locations. Our idea is to build a high-tech, pollution-free and environmentally friendly indoor concrete plant. It will become a model for similar plants around the world.”


Switzerland: LafargeHolcim has celebrated World Ocean Day 2021 by joining the World Ocean Council (WOC). The organisation brings together companies from different sectors to work towards sustainable ocean stewardship. Membership continues LafargeHolcim’s efforts towards the protection of coastal ecosystems, such as its deployment of bioactive concrete for habitat restoration. The company has collaborated on 30 sustainable port projects. It is also helping to tackle plastic pollution through its waste management subsidiary Geocycle.

Chief sustainability and innovation officer Magali Anderson said, “I am extremely proud to formalise our commitment to sustainable ocean stewardship by joining the World Ocean Council. Working with the Council’s members, we expect to scale up our actions to preserve our oceans.”


US: HeidelbergCement subsidiary Lehigh Cement and Keystone Cement have stepped away from an agreement to merge their businesses. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) voted to challenge the proposed merger in late May 2021.

FTC Bureau of Competition acting director Maribeth Petrizzi said, “This is great news for cement customers in eastern Pennsylvania and western New Jersey. The FTC voted 4-0 to challenge this transaction because it would have reduced the number of significant competitors in the market for grey Portland Cement in this region from four to three. I’m grateful to the bureau’s staff for their tireless efforts throughout this investigation, but also to our partners in the Pennsylvania Attorney General’s Office, who worked closely with us to ensure that cement customers in this region will continue to benefit from competition between Lehigh and Keystone.”


India: JSW Group has established a new large projects division. The division combines the former large projects division of its subsidiaries JSW Cement and JSW Steel. It will use the group’s new end-to-end sales platform Aikyam, according to United News of India. The integration is expected to create large scale volume opportunities for the steel and cement businesses in Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Telangana and Andhra Pradesh.

Director Parth Jindal said, "JSW Group has the unique advantage of providing an integrated offering to its large customers in the infrastructure and building industries space.” He added "I expect Aikyam to fundamentally change the way JSW works with its large clients, while ensuring that our relationships continue to get stronger through a single group interface, bolstered by strong internal collaboration. In the near future we plan to offer other group products such as paints, construction chemicals, ready-mix concrete and many others to our large institutional customers through the Aikyam interface."


US: Italy-based Buzzi Unicem subsidiary Lone Star Industries has concluded a settlement with the US Department of Justice, the Environmental Protection Agency and the state of Indiana over Clean Air Act violations at its integrated Greencastle plant in Indiana, dating from 2010 to the present day. The Indy Star newspaper has reported that under the terms of the settlement the producer must pay a fine of US$700,000. The authorities ordered the company to upgrade the plant in line with state and federal pollution regulations. The violations involved emissions of particulate matter that exceeded state and federal limits.


EU: The European Commission is reportedly planning to introduce its carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM) for cement imports from 2023. Reporting by Bloomberg has revealed that a ‘simplified’ system could be used in a transition period from 2023 with the full mechanism due to start in 2026. Under the new system, cement importers would have to buy certificates at a price linked to the European Union (EU) emissions trading system (ETS). Details on the CBAM and wider environmental plans are due to be made public in mid-July 2021. However, full legal acceptance of the scheme will require approval by the European Parliament and member states.

In a previous response to a report on the CBAM in February 2021, Koen Coppenholle, the head of the European Cement Association (Cembureau), said that a CBAM was a useful tool to address the imports of products not subject to similar carbon constraints in the European Union. He added, “The Environment Committee’s report highlights some key points in this respect, notably that a CBAM should result in EU and non-EU suppliers competing on the same CO2 costs basis; that the scope of CBAM should be wide to avoid market distortions, and that both direct and indirect emissions should be included.”

In May 2021 the EU ETS reached a price of Euro50/t following a significant rise from late 2020 onwards.


India: Dalmia Bharat subsidiary Dalmia Cement (Bharat) has marked World Environment Day with the ceremonial planting of a tree at the Bokaro cement plant in Jharkhand. In Assam, the company planted 6000 Neem, Royal Poinciana and Yellow Poinciana saplings and 4km of bamboo fence around its Alsthom Industries cement plant in Jagiroad.

Dalmia Cement (Bharat) executive director Indrajit Chatterji said, “We at Dalmia Cement have been firm believers in creating a clean and green ecosystem, especially in this pandemic situation across the world. With this tree plantation drive, we would humbly like to make a contribution towards the nature. I would urge all, to come forward and join hands to do our bit towards enabling a greener environment not only for us, but for the future generations to come. We, as a responsible corporate citizen, will always come forward to do whatever we can for the society at large.”


Lithuania: The Lithuanian Competition Council has permitted Germany-based Schwenk Zement to increase its stake in Akmenes Cement to 97% from 47%. The markets authority also granted permission for Schwenk Zement’s 75% acquisition of limestone and clay producer Kalcitas and 100% acquisitions of building materials suppliers Cemeka and Lanku Bokstai.


Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos has begun distributing its products from its new Rio de Janeiro distribution centre. The producer says that the facility has a capacity of 1000t/day of products, up by 52% from 658t/day at its previous Rio de Janeiro distribution centre. It will serve Grande Rio and Serrana, optimising the company’s logistics in the Southeast region.

Southeast regional logistics manager Luis Dovichi Mendes said, "With the heating up of civil construction and the residential renovation market, we invested in this new distribution centre to improve the urban distribution service in the state of Rio de Janeiro, offering a better logistics and service structure for our customers in the region.”


India: The Maharashtra parliament has formed a four-member committee to review the possible wildlife impacts of Birla Corporation subsidiary Reliance Cement’s planned Yavatmal cement plant in Mukutban, Maharashtra. The Times of India has reported that the plant received Stage II environmental clearance in 2018. In 2019, dry forest due for clearance under the plant plans was found to constitute part of a tiger corridor. As a result, Reliance Cement must apply to the Maharashtra State Board for Wildlife. The parliamentary committee will visit the site and prepare a report for the board.


Greece: Heracles Group, part of Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim, has obtained environmental product declarations (EPDs) for all cements produced at its Volos and Milaki cement plants. The company says that the declarations cover both bagged and bulk products.

Chief executive officer Dimitris Chanis said, “For 110 years, at Heracles Group we have learned to always push the limits of the seemingly possible, pioneer and constantly move forward. Driven by our unwavering priority of sustainable development and our vision regarding the green transformation of the construction sector, we strategically design and develop policies and initiatives that promote a climate neutral and circular economy. EPDs are expected to play a key part in our group's effort to move towards more sustainable construction for a greener and better world for all.”


Bangladesh: LafargeHolcim Bangladesh has unveiled its Supercrete Portland limestone cement (PLC) bag redesign. The new bag features the tagline ‘Top quality, proper construction’ in Bengali. The Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim subsidiary produces the cement with limestone from Meghalaya, India. It says that its product is the only PLC on the Bangladeshi market.


Brazil: ABG Mineração, which is majority owned by Spain-based La Union Cements, plant to invest US$296m in establishing a cement plant and limestone mine in Mossoró, Rio Grande do Norte. Portal N10 has reported the production capacity of the plant as 1Mt/yr. The company expects that it will generate 300 direct jobs and US$138m/yr in sales.


Saudi Arabia: Southern Province Cement Company plans to upgrade its Jizan cement plant in Abha with a new 10,000t/day clinker production line to replace the plant’s existing clinker lines. The producer plans to launch the project in mid-late 2021.


Paraguay: Cartes Group subsidiary Cementos Concepción says that construction of its San Lázaro, Concepción, cement plant is 70% complete and on track for a commissioning date in August 2022. The La Nación newspaper has reported that the total investment value of the project is US$200m. President José Ortiz said that two issues had been overcome in staying on schedule, namely the Covid-19 outbreak and low flow of the river on which the new plant will be situated, both of which presented logistical problems. Work also continues on the establishment of a dedicated power plant for the plant at Vallemí.


UK: Cemex UK, part of Mexico-based Cemex, has renewed its 100% renewable electricity supply contract with France-based Engie until mid-2024. The supply will cover nearly 200 of its UK sites including its integrated cement plant at Rugby and its grinding plant at Tilbury.

Cemex’s Europe regional head of carbon, legacy landfill and special projects Martin Hills said, “Cemex has a dedicated Climate Action Plan for its global operations which outlines the company’s vision to advance towards a carbon-neutral economy and to address society’s increasing demands more efficiently. The use of renewable electricity at our sites plays an important part in this and we are pleased to have renewed our partnership with Engie for a further three years.


Cuba: Switzerland-based LafargeHolcim has agreed in principle to settle a US court case regarding alleged trafficking in private property previously confiscated by the Cuban government. The Miami Herald newspaper has reported that the group is preparing to pay the claimant compensation. In the complaint, the plaintiffs had claimed the current market value of the property was an estimated US$270m, plus legal fees, interest and other costs could be involved. An agreement is expected to be reached by late June 2021.

In late 2020 a court in Florida, US accepted a request for damages from LafargeHolcim to over 20 parties from Cuba whose land was nationalised and subsequently had a cement plant built on it. The claim alleged that Switzerland-based Holderbank had held a stake in the partly-state owned Carlos Marx cement plant near Cienfuegos since 2001. Holderbank later became Holcim and then LafargeHolcim. The plaintiffs have been aided by a change in US law allowing Cubans to claim damages in US courts for expropriated property from private companies which profited from them.