Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW591 / 18 January 2023

Headlines


The Ministry of Trade in Türkiye said this week that it was monitoring developments in the construction industry. Specifically, the ministry is reacting to complaints it has received about the high price of cement and supply issues. It has been looking at exports of clinker and cement. The statement noted that prices had risen particularly in the last one to two months and that the government was prepared to take unspecified action to alleviate the situation.

The comments hark back to the autumn of 2021 when members of the Construction Contractors Confederation (IMKON) stopped working for two weeks in response to high prices including cement. At the time the ministry tightened its rules on exporting cement and clinker. This followed the start of an investigation into alleged anti-competitive behaviour by the regulator Rekabat Kurumu into nine cement producers in the first half of that year. Around the same time Türkçimento, the Turkish Cement Manufacturers' Association, had also been warning about growing raw material and energy costs. It noted that declining domestic sales between 2017 and 2019 had encouraged its members to focus on export markets more. All of this was overshadowed in February 2022 when Russia invaded Ukraine and global energy prices spiked. Türk Çimento then warned of the trouble that high coal prices were causing the sector.

Graph 1: Domestic and export cement sales in Türkiye, January – September, 2017 – 2022. Source: Türk Çimento.

Graph 1: Domestic and export cement sales in Türkiye, January – September, 2017 – 2022. Source: Türkçimento.

Graph 1 above shows that the trend towards exports that Türkçimento pointed out in mid-2021 has continued. Domestic sales fell to a low of 33.2Mt in 2019, recovered to 2021 and dropped somewhat so far in 2022. As an aside, that decline in domestic sales from 2017 to 2019 was the first the local cement industry had experienced a fall in sales since at least 2002. Exports fell year-on-year in 2018 but have increased steadily since then to 14.6Mt in the first nine months of 2022. Exports represented 10% of total sales in 2017. So far in 2022 they have accounted for 27% of total sales. Türk Çimento’s take on the picture so far in 2022 is that it expects the domestic market to decline by 10% in 2022 in all regions of the country principally due to high commodity prices. Cement exports are expected to increase but clinker exports to decrease.

Commercially, Türkiye-based cement producers have reacted to high energy prices by upping their own product prices in turn. OYAK Çimento, for example, reported significant rises year-on-year in sales revenue and earnings in the first nine months of 2022. Net sales grew by 160% year-on-year to Euro403m and earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) increased by 202% to Euro106m. Akçansa and Çimsa reported a similar situation.

Despite the high energy costs, both investment and merger and acquisition activity has continued in the cement sector in 2022. In August 2022 Fernas Group completed its purchase of two integrated cement plants, a grinding plant and associated ready-mix concrete assets from Çimsa Çimento for US$110m. Later in the year, in November 2022, Safi Çimento acquired Sancim Bilecik Çimento’s integrated plant from Aşkale Çimento. Various upgrade projects to cement plants were also reported including projects at KÇS Kipaş Çimento’s Kahramanmaraş plant, Nuh Çimento’s Hereke cement plant, MEDCEM’s Silifke plant and OYAK Çimento’s Ünye plant.

Recent reporting by the Economist newspaper suggests that the government is targeting the domestic housing sector in response to higher than inflation price rises even compared to Türkiye’s high consumer price inflation rate. The next general election in June 2023 may also be encouraging legislators to look at the accommodation needs of their constituents. Whether this is connected to the Ministry of Trade’s recent decision is unknown. Cement producers have followed the money to lucrative export markets in recent years. How far the government is willing to intervene in this strategy could mark a change in direction for the sector.


Germany: The German Cement Works Association (VDZ) has appointed Kristina Fleiger as the head of its new Climate-neutral Process Technology department. Stefan Schäfer has become the head of Environment and Industrial Engineering department. Both posts report to Volker Hoenig, who retains his position as the managing director of the VDZ.

Fleiger has worked for the VDZ in project management and engineering roles since 2011.

Schäfer was previously the VDZ’s Deputy Head of Environment and Plant Technology. He has worked for the VDZ since 1999.


Germany: Beumer Group has appointed Kay Wieczorek as the Head of its Center of Competence (COC) Product Business. The division is responsible for the Cement, Building Materials, Chemicals and FMCG divisions. He succeeds Norbert Stemich, who has been appointed as the chief strategy officer of Beumer Machinery (Shanghai) in China.

Kay Wieczorek has worked for Beumer Group since 2014. Most recently he was responsible for cement division sales. He holds a degree in Sales Engineering and Product Management from the Ruhr University in Bochum.


US: Inform has appointed Justin Newell as the chief executive officer (CEO) of its subsidiary Inform North America. He succeeds Adrian Weiler, who will continue in his role as ongoing advisor to the CEOs across all of Inform Group’s subsidiaries. Newell will retain his role as chief operating officer, which he has held since 2019. Newell started working for Inform after holding management roles at Reliable Carriers, Porsche Cars North America and Genuine Parts Company.


US: Ed Sullivan, the Chief Economist and Senior Vice President of Market Intelligence at the Portland Cement Association (PCA), expects that cement consumption will decline in the second half of 2023 due to a worsening general economic outlook. However, he noted that order books for the construction industry were ‘strong’ for at least the next six months and that this would cushion the sector. Sullivan made his comments at a presentation at the World of Concrete conference in Las Vegas.

Sullivan said, "When looking at the big picture of real construction spending and cement consumption this year, we should expect both volumes to soften throughout the year, with significant declines in the second half of 2023." He added, "The downturn is expected to be short-lived as interest rates ease slightly and stronger infrastructure volumes materialise in 2024 and beyond."

Sullivan predicts that the US economy is gradually weakening under the weight of high inflation, rising interest rates and geopolitical turmoil. However, he viewed the occurrence of a recession as unlikely. In the construction sector he forecasts that the private sector will continue decline in 2023 following a drop in 2022. Spending benefits from the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law are likely to be muted in 2023 before registering a stronger effect in 2024.


Denmark: Equipment manufacturer FLSmidth has launched new corporate strategies for its cement and mining sectors. The so-called ‘pure play’ plans are intended to further focus on technology, products and services and sustainability. The group says it is also simplifying its operating model to reduce risks, improve efficiencies, ensure stronger execution and improve profitability and quality of earnings. The announcement was made at the same time as the group’s latest investor event.

Mikko Keto, the chief executive officer at FLSmidth, said “We must prioritise our efforts on our core business, reduce risk and execute with excellence. We have already started to fundamentally transform our business to ensure stronger strategy execution and to achieve our long-term ambitions to the benefit of our stakeholders.”

In the cement sector the group’s ‘Green 26’ plan aims to make the company the preferred service supplier for the industry. It added that it has a “clear commitment to drive the green transition in the cement industry.” It has set a target of reaching an 8% earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) margin by 2026. For the mining sector the target is a 13 - 15% margin.

In provisional financial results for 2022, FLSmidth revealed that it had an EBITDA margin of 3.3% for cement and 7.6% for mining. Group revenue rose by 24% year-on-year to Euro2.93bn in 2022 from Euro2.37bn in the 2021. Revenue from the cement and mining sectors grew by 7% to Euro847m and 29% to Euro2.03bn respectively. The group said that the short-term outlook for the cement industry remained impacted by overcapacity and that a potential recession is expected to impact market demand negatively over the coming period. Its mining sector revenue was inflated by the acquisition of ThyssenKrupp Mining in 2022.


India: Sagar Cements has won the auction to acquire Andhra Cements from Jaiprakash Associates (Jaypee Group), a company currently undergoing an insolvency process. The committee of creditors of Andhra Cements voted to approve the sale, although the amount of the bid has not been disclosed, according to the Press Trust of India. Dalmia Cement (Bharat) was also reportedly made a bid for the cement producer.

Andhra Cements operates an integrated plant at Durga and a grinding plant at Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh. It was previously acquired by Jaypee Group in 2012 from Duncan Goenka Group.


Oman: Raysut Cement’s loss after tax rose to US$243m in 2022 from US$33.6m in 2021. Its expenses more than doubled to US$361m from US$168m. Its sales revenue dropped by 12% year-on-year to US$118m from US$134m.

The release of financial data for 2022 follows the intervention by the Capital Market Authority (CMA) in late 2022. In November 2022 the regulator publicly called on the cement producer to urgently address 'material misrepresentations' in its financial results for the second quarter of 2022. It then replaced the company’s board of directors and appointed a temporary one in December 2022 following an audit. This is the second time the CMA’s history that it has taken such action, according to local press.


Paraguay: Ernesto Julián Benítez Petters, the president of Industria Nacional del Cemento (INC), has reassured the market that the company can continually to operate normally despite low water levels in the Paraguay River. He reported that, in the fourth quarter of 2022, boats were loading with 1.5m of draft, according to the Última Hora newspaper. This has meant that barges can only accommodate around half of their normal capacity. Benítez Petters added that it is uncertain when the river will recover its previously normal water levels.

The state-owned cement producer says it has enough raw materials to keep its plant operating at Villeta as it has used more barges to cope. It also conducted maintenance works at the docks of both its Viletta and Vallemí plants in 2021. Widening work at the Paso Queso on the river is a long term goal of the government.


Brazil: Data from the Brazilian National Cement Industry Association (SNIC) shows that sales of cement fell by 3% year-on-year to 63.1Mt in 2022 from 64.4Mt in 2021. Sales fell in the Nordeste, Sudeste and Sui regions but grew elsewhere. Exports declined by 14% to 0.40Mt from 0.47Mt. SNIC has blamed the falling sales on a declining real estate sector, high inflation rates and a poor response from a new house-building campaign. It also attributed the Football World Cup in late 2022 as having a detrimental effect on national cement sales! SNIC forecasts sales growth of 1% in 2023 despite considerable market uncertainty.


Indonesia: Solusi Bangun Indonesia (SBI) has ordered two EC22 cement silos from Germany-based Claudius Peters. The silos have a volume of approx. 17,200m3 and will be installed by contractor PT Hutama Karaya (Persero). The scope of supply includes all process equipment for the silos from conveyors to filters.

SBI is a subsidiary of Semen Indonesia Group. It is expanding the export capacity of its integrated cement plant at Tuban by building a new terminal. The group has a cement production capacity of 65Mt/yr.


Türkiye: The Ministry of Trade says it is monitoring developments in the construction sector with regards to high cement prices and supply problems. It is looking at exports in particular, according to the Hürriyet Daily News newspaper. It has taken action following complaints it received in late 2022. Previously in 2021 the government added cement and clinker to the list of products which require a permission to be exported. Government bodies including the Ministry of Trade, the Ministry of Treasury and Finance and the Turkish Competition Authority (Rekabet Kurumu) have each been recently conducing inspections of cement companies looking in domestic and export prices.


US: Sublime Systems says it has secured US$40m in funding from its latest investment round. Venture capital company Lowercarbon Capital, The Engine, Energy Impact Partners and others took part in the Series A funding round. Siam Cement Group has also been announced as a strategic investor. The company will use the new capital to increase production at its pilot plant, build its team, conduct product testing and promote offtake commitments from new customers and partners.

Sublime Systems is commercialising an electrolysis cement production process that will manufacture cement at ambient temperature from a variety of abundant calcium sources. It says it is the first company to produce cement through this process.

Leah Ellis, co-founder and chief executive officer of Sublime said, "We have successfully demonstrated the viability and scalability of our approach and we are able to produce cement with the same or better strength, slump and durability than today's Portland cement. The support of our talented team and capital from our investors will enable us to operate our pilot facility, secure advance offtake agreements and work toward producing our low-carbon cement at scale."

The company was spun-out of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 2020. It was co-founded by Yet-Ming Chiang, an MIT professor and co-founder of several climate-tech companies, including A123 Systems, 24M Technologies and Form Energy, and Leah Ellis, an Activate Fellow and one of MIT Technology Review's 35 Innovators under 35. To date, the company has concentrated its efforts on developing its first drop-in, low-carbon cement product, validating its manufacturing process at the pilot scale, validating buyer demand and building up its team.


Austria: Lafarge Austria and Perlmooser Beton will operate under the new name Holcim Austria from May 2023. Both companies have been part of Holcim Group since 2015. The rebranding exercise follows the renaming of LafargeHolcim as Holcim that took place in mid-2021.

Lafarge Austria operates two cement plants, at Mannersdorf and Retznei respectively, with a total production capacity of 1.6Mt/yr. Its headquarters is in Vienna. The company employs around 250 people.


Zimbabwe: Three boys aged 11, 12 and 14 were injured at PPC Zimbabwe integrated Colleen Bawn cement plant on 13 January 2023. Two of children reportedly jumped into a dump site at the plant and sustained second-degree burns from hot material, according to News24. The third child suffered burns whilst trying to help the other two. The children are in a stable condition. The dump is reportedly quarantined from the local community. An investigation is ongoing.


China: China Shanshui Cement recorded a 70% year-on-year drop in its profit throughout 2022. Reuters has reported that the decline is the outcome of a rise in costs for the producer.


Ukraine: Ukrainian foreign investors’ fund UkrainInvest contributed US$20m towards the establishment of new grinding plants in Ukraine in 2022. Ukraine Business News has reported that the fund received 126,000 investments in 2022, up by a factor of six year-on-year. It added 11 projects worth US$2bn to its portfolio throughout the year, during which Russia launched its on-going invasion of Ukraine.


India: NCL Industries produced 713,000t of cement in October – December 2022, the third quarter of the 2023 financial year. The figure corresponds to a rise of 27% year-on-year from 561,000t in the corresponding quarter of the 2022 financial year. NCL Industries produced 19,300t of cement boards throughout the quarter, down by 3% year-on-year from 19,900t.


Zimbabwe: Lafarge Cement Zimbabwe has rebranded to Khayah Cement amidst its on-going corporate restructuring. The Sunday News has reported that Khayah Cement is in the process of reconstituting its board of directors and board committees.


Estonia: The Estonian Competition Authority has granted permission to Schwenk Eesti to gain a majority stake in ready-mix concrete producer Betoonimeister. Baltic Business Daily News has reported that Betoonimeister's six ready-mix concrete batching plants are located in Tallinn, Tartu, Johvi, Tapa and Parnu.


Germany: Heidelberg Materials has placed a Euro750m sustainability-linked bond as part of a Euro10bn medium-term note programme. Interest on the bond is linked to group CO₂ emissions reduction, according to key performance indicators up to 2026 and 2030. Heidelberg Materials is committed to reducing its emissions per tonne of cementitious product by 30% between 2021 and 2030, to 400kg/t.

Heidelberg Materials' chief financial officer René Aldach said "The placement reinforces our aspiration to achieve the most ambitious climate targets within the industry and to increase the share of sustainable financial instruments to over 70% by 2025. With the denomination of Euro1000, we are the only company on the capital market to date to also offer retail investors the opportunity to invest in sustainability-linked bonds."


Vietnam: New cement lines will raise Vietnamese cement production capacity by 4% year-on-year in 2023 to over 120Mt/yr. Vietnam News Summary has reported that upcoming new capacity scheduled to commence operations during the year include a 4.5Mt/yr line at a Xuan Tanh Cement plant and a 2.5Mt/yr line at a Long Son Cement plant.

Vietnamese cement demand was 65Mt in 2022. Several producers suspended cement lines during the second half of that year due to high costs and unfavourable market conditions.


India: Operators of limestone mines in Karnataka's Chamarajanagar District have suspended quarry operations indefinitely in protest against the Karnataka state government's increased licensing royalties and rules requiring drone surveillance. The companies also demand that the state government cease to implement new policies affecting them. The Times of India newspaper has reported that the strike has impacted a total of 10,000 jobs, both at quarries and downstream in the building materials and construction sectors.


Bolivia: The Bolivian National Institute of Statistics (INE) recorded total national cement production of 3.3Mt during the first 10 months of 2022, up by 12% year-on-year from 2.9Mt in the corresponding period of 2021. Meanwhile, cement sales rose by 5.6% year-on-year to 3Mt, from 2.84Mt. Compared to 2019 volumes, cement sales fell by 5.6% from 3.96Mt. Nonetheless, Bolivian Cement and Concrete Institute (IBCH) general manager Marcelo Alfaro said that the results 'consolidated the rebound' that began in 2021. Cement sales volumes previously dropped by 23% year-on-year to 3.03Mt in 2020, amid successive Covid-19 lockdowns.

Fábrica Nacional de Cemento (FANCESA) commercial manager Álvaro Cuéllar said "FANCESA is making the necessary efforts to meet its share of the domestic market." Cuéllar added "We are close to 9Mt/yr of capacity for a market that in 2019 approached 4Mt/yr. That is why we have many kilns stopped and the industry is working at half speed."


India: The government of Telangana has asked the Indian government for US$612m in funding for the planned reopening of state-owned Cement Corporation of India's Adilabad cement plant, alongside other projects. The Indian government will publish its 2023 - 2024 Union Budget in January 2023. The Times of India newspaper has reported that funding has been insufficient for the Telangana state government to realise its industrial growth plans over eight successive previous budgets.


China: China Resources Cement (CRC) recorded a 74 - 78% year-on-year net profit drop in 2022. As such, its full-year net profit was US$255 - 302m. Reuters has reported that the group attributed the drop to subdued demand from construction, increased production costs and low cement and clinker prices in the regions where it operates.

Despite the slow situation in the construction market, CRC's property development arm recorded a rise in its rental income throughout 2022.


Kazakhstan: Steppe Cement's full-year sales were US$86.5m during 2022, up by 11% year-on-year from 2021 levels. This came about despite a 1.2% year-on-year drop in its cement volumes. The producer also overcame high inflation, which reached 20% year-on-year in Kazakhstan in December 2022.

Steppe Cement said "We continue our capital expenditure programme to increase our production capacity of clinker and cement by mid-2023, as well as to reduce power and coal consumption."


US: Mexico-based GCC must pay US$36.1m in compensation to Bolivia-based Compañia de Inversiones Mercantiles (CIMSA) in their dispute over deal concerning shares in Sociedad Boliviana de Cemento (SOBOCE). A US court issued the latest ruling after refusing to recognise an earlier judgment by a Bolivian court on 10 January 2023.

Milenio News has reported that GCC is expected to appeal the US court's decision.


Zimbabwe: Lafarge Cement Zimbabwe has secured a suspension on trading in its shares on the Zimbabwe Stock Exchange until April 2023. Chronicle News has reported that the Holcim subsidiary requested the suspension, in which to 'address in-house challenges.'

The producer assured the market that this latest development 'will not in any way affect business, amid consideration of various courses of action, with a view to protecting the business and the interests of all stakeholders.'


India: Shree Cement has commissioned captive solar power plants with a total capacity of 40MW in Bihar and Jharkhand. A Shree Cement facility in Banka, Bihar, hosts a 30MW solar power installation, while another in Seraikela Kharsawan, Jharkhand hosts a 10MW installation. Press Trust India News has reported that Oriana Clean Energy carried out design, engineering, procurement and construction on both projects.


Thailand: Siam Cement Group (SCG) plans to install carbon capture systems at cement plants in Southeast Asia. Reuters has reported that the producer signed a memorandum of understanding (MoU) with a subsidiary of Nippon Steel to carry out the projects.


India: Representatives of Adani Group and cement truck drivers' unions attended talks held by the Himachal Pradesh state government, after the group closed two cement plants in the state, claiming that their costs were prohibitively high. The government appointed Himachal Consultancy Organisation to guide truck unions in reaching an agreement on new freight rates. Adani Group chair Gautam Adani said that transport costs per tonne of cement were US$1.30/km in upland areas and US$0.66/km in lowland areas. The state government previously raised value added tax (VAT) rates on diesel by 68% to US$0.09/l, resulting in total diesel costs of US$1.05/l.


Kyrgyzstan: Cement producers exported 574,500t of cement during the first 10 months of 2022, down by 4.7% year-on-year from 10-month 2021 levels. Central Asia News has reported that cement prices fell by 13% to US$42/t. In value, exports fell by 17% to US$24.2m. Neighbouring Uzbekistan was the major recipient of Kyrgyz cement exports.


Canada: The Mohawk Council of Kanesatake has written to the Ministry of the Environment and Climate Change asking for more consultation over plans for Colacem to build a new cement plant at L'Orignal, Ontario. The council also urged the government to reconsider the plan altogether. The Review newspaper has reported that the government previously rejected a request from the Kanesatake community that it consult the Impact Assessment Authority of Canada over the planned project. The plant is to be situated on the Ottawa River, opposite the area of Quebec in which the Kanesatake community's lands lie.


Ecuador: Encapsulation in concrete served to destroy 110t of cocaine in Ecuador during the first nine months of 2022. The figure corresponds to 61% of cocaine seized by authorities during the period. Local press reported that the mixed slurry forms strong precast concrete elements, from which the cocaine is impossible to extract. Encapsulation accelerates destruction of the drug by a factor of 20 compared to incineration, with removal rates of up to 1500kg/hr.

Ecuadorian cocaine seizures at ports alone increased by 42% year-on-year throughout 2022, necessitating the operational improvements in disposal methods.