Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW602 / 05 April 2023

Headlines


Heidelberg Materials’ reaction to changes in the law in Hungary received attention this week in the German press. The government introduced its Act on Hungarian Architecture in March 2023 that will enable it to set production levels and prices upon foreign-owned cement producers when the new legislation takes force in July 2023. An unnamed executive at the Germany-based Heidelberg Materials told Der Spiegel that, "These regulations represent a complete violation of all rules of the European single market.” They added that the Hungarian government appeared to be trying to force the producer to sell up. The report further alleges that the owners of Duna-Dráva Cement, Heidelberg Materials and Schwenk Zement, also received an offer to buy them out in mid-2022 from an individual with links to Prime Minister Victor Orbán.

This latest move to corral the cement sector in Hungary follows a number of recent changes in legislation. Notably, Decree 404 was introduced in July 2021. This set a 90% tax on the ‘excess’ profits of cement, plaster, chalk, gravel, sand, clay, lime and gypsum producers with the stated intention of wanting to prevent rising prices. The government set a threshold price for cement of Euro56/t at the time. At the same time it also blocked exports of cement and other raw materials of declared strategic importance unless affected companies had registered with the Ministry of the Interior. The European Commission (EC) responded to a parliamentary question on the matter in November 2021 saying that it had sent a formal letter to Hungary informing it that it was breaching some parts of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (EU) on the free movement of goods. Although it noted that the new law also affected exports outside the EU, which was beyond the EC's remit. It added that the so-called ‘mining royalties’ did not seem to breach EU tax law.

Concerns over these issues between Hungary and Germany also surfaced in October 2022 when Orbán met with the German Chancellor Olaf Scholz. At this time Thomas Spannagl, the head of Schwenk Zement, said that the windfall profit tax in Hungary had a "serious negative" impact on business and that importers were not affected in the same way.

Heidelberg Materials’ subsidiary Duna-Dráva Cement is the largest cement producer by production capacity in Hungary with two integrated plants at Beremend and Vác. Together they have a production capacity of 2.8Mt/yr, according to the Global Cement Directory 2023, or about 70% of the country’s active national capacity. Heidelberg Materials reported that its result from equity accounted investments fell by 27% year-on-year to Euro262m in 2022 from Euro356m in 2023 due to a decline in earnings particularly in China and Hungary. This compares to a 4% drop to Euro3.74bn in its result from current operations before depreciation and amortisation across the whole business. Despite this it also noted that Hungary’s overall economic output had grown by 5% in 2022.

Just before the new laws affecting cement companies starting arriving in mid-July 2021, the Hungarian Competition Authority started an investigation into a “drastic” increase in raw material prices. This followed a warning a year earlier in 2020 that it had started competition supervision proceedings against the three main market participants: Duna-Dráva Cement, Lafarge Cement and CRH. All three are foreign-owned companies.

Lafarge Cement Hungary operates the Kiralyegyháza plant and it is due to change its name to Holcim in May 2023. Its predecessor companies, Holcim and Lafarge, also used to run plants at Hejocsaba and Lábatlan before the merger in 2015. However, the Hejocsaba plant ran into legal problems between Holcim and another investor, shut in 2011 and was later forcibly taken over by the other party in 2014. Today the plant operates as Hejőcsabai Cement- és Mészipari (HCM) but cement production is reportedly yet to restart nearly a decade later and Holcim says that legal proceedings are still ongoing. The Lábatlan plant, meanwhile, closed for good in the early 2010s. CRH took over some of Holcim’s other operations in Hungary in 2015 at the same time as the formation of LafargeHolcim but does not run any cement plants in the country at present. It does own cement plants in nearby countries that are able to supply the Hungarian market as well as running 19 concrete units. It describes itself as the “number two player” in the local market. It wasn’t specific on Hungary in its financial results for 2022 but it did describe sales in its Europe East region as being ahead of 2021, “due to a strong focus on commercial actions to offset significant cost inflation.”

Construction costs in Hungary do appear to have grown faster than other European countries in the second half of 2021 as the country came out of the coronavirus pandemic. However, the country's anti-immigrant labour stance may have also contributed to the situation, in addition to the high-energy prices and supply chain bottlenecks experienced elsewhere. In addition, cement companies are also capable of monopolistic behaviour. For example, Duna-Dráva Cement’s proposed acquisition of Cemex Croatia was blocked by the EC back in 2017 on competition grounds. However, given how international the cement industry has become, it is surprising to see this kind of treatment from a government within the European Union.


Thailand: Siam City Cement has appointed Ramjan Sachdeva as its group chief financial officer. He succeeds Mark Anatol Schmidt in the role.

Prior to this he was the Group Head Internal Audit and Compliance for Siam City Cement in Thailand and the Group Commercial Director for mining company Vedanta in India. Earlier in his career he spent eight years working for Holcim in India in procurement and audit roles, as well as for Nestlé.

Sachdeva holds a degree in mechanical engineering from the Thapar Institute of Engineering & Technology in India and a master of business administration qualification from the University of Leicester in the UK.


Germany: Flender has appointed Christian Terlinde as its group chief financial officer (CFO), with effect from 1 July 2023. He will succeed group chief executive officer Andreas Evertz in the post, who has been working in the role on an interim basis.

Terlinde is currently the CFO at Germany-based commercial vehicle supplier Jost Werke. Prior to this, he held positions included CFO at Benteler Automotive and finance and controlling roles at Mahle Group and EON.


Egypt: Reliance Heavy Industries (RHI) has appointed Sameh Saleh as its chief executive officer. He holds over 30 years of experience in the cement sector in both plant operation and engineering. Notably he worked for Arabian Cement for 10 years as a plant manager and then its chief operations officer. He later managed the company’s alternative fuels subsidiary Egypt Green. Other notable placements include those with Tabuk Cement, RHI and the Arab Swiss Engineering Company (ASEC).

Sameh Saleh trained in mechanical engineering at Cairo University. He later gained a qualification in project management and an executive master of business administration degree from the American University in Cairo.


Austria: RHI Magnesita has appointed Peter Steinkellner as Head of Technical Marketing Cement & Lime for Europe, CIS & Türkiye. He has held a number of marketing roles for the refractory producer since 2015. Prior to this he worked Lafarge for seven years as a quality engineer.


Mexico: Vulcan Materials is reportedly preparing to launch new legal action against the government of Mexico. The government supported an alleged illegal entry by Cemex into the company's Punta Venado cement terminal on 14 March 2023. The cement producer is engaged in existing lawsuits against the government for compensation worth a total sum of US$1.9bn. It originally sued the government for US$529m in 2019. Local press has reported that the producer previously filed a subordinate claim to its suit for incursions onto its mining operations in Quintana Roo in mid-2022. The latter supplied limestone to Vulcan Materials' US operations.


Spain: Italy-based CICSA Group has concluded a deal to acquire chains supplier CADERSA. CADERSA serves the Iberian and Central and South American markets, including the cement industry. CICSA Group said that the acquisition will 'complete' its range of chain solutions for bulk materials handling applications. It noted CADERSA's 'deep' expertise, ranging from round steel link chains to pin and bush chains.

The group said "Through this operation, we leverage clear synergies and great product complementarity, while accessing new markets and new industries."


Europe: Cemex has launched its latest packaging design for its Vertua reduced-CO2 product range at the Low Carbon World exhibition in Paris, France. The new design incorporates products' scores across five 'sustainability attributes:' emissions reduction, energy efficiency, conservation of water, recycled content and design optimisation. Cemex will now deploy the design across Europe by June 2023.

Cemex's Europe, Middle East and Africa regional president Sergio Menendez said “Cemex is attuned to the need to focus on all aspects that can make a product more sustainable - not just achieving a lower carbon footprint. With the updated classification system for Vertua, customers can now more easily identify which of our products leverage the cutting-edge technology and innovation that will enable them to overcome the challenges they are currently facing in construction and renovation." Menendez concluded "The enhanced Vertua brand represents a more ambitious and stronger approach: from a group of low carbon products to a family of products and solutions that encompass more sustainable attributes and contribute to our company vision of building a better future.”


Nigeria: Authorities in Seme Customs Area say that Nigeria's exports of cement to Togo fell 75,000t below its target for 2022. The Sun newspaper reported that Nigeria-based Dangote Cement faced intense competition in the Togo market, leading to the shortfall for the year.


Argentina: Holcim Argentina has announced the launch of its Young Leaders youth professional development programme in its host provinces of Córdoba, Buenos Aires, Jujuy and Mendoza. The programme seeks to identify 15 'innovative, curious and results-oriented' young talents with qualifications and experience in the area of industrial, mechanical, electrical and chemical engineering, business administration, marketing, architecture or logistics. Those chosen will occupy eight-month placements at the company, beginning on 15 May 2023. There, they will manage projects under the guidance of a tutor.

Holcim Argentina's head of talent and development Claudia Vitale said "Young Leaders is specially designed to accelerate young professionals' growth by placing them in a high-performance team. It is an excellent opportunity for personal and professional development in a global industry-leading company."


US: Holcim has completed its acquisition of roofing systems producer Duro-Last.

CEO Jan Jenisch said "This is another exciting step in the expansion of Solutions and Products, advancing our Strategy 2025 - Accelerating Green Growth." He added "I am excited to welcome all 840 Duro-Last employees to the Holcim family. Duro-Last is a perfect strategic fit for our roofing business. Its proprietary technologies and leading brands complement our offering in the fast-growing North American market. Its energy-efficient systems and excellence in recycling will further advance our leadership in sustainability."


Spain: Votorantim Cimentos España’s has begun its implementation of a biodiversity management plan at its Alconera, Extremadura, cement plant in collaboration with sustainability charity Fundación Tormes-EB, local press has reported. The plan will analyse existing and potential habitats across square areas of the entire site of the 1.6Mt/yr plant. Votorantim Cimentos España and Fundación Tormes-EB have previously collaborated on biodiversity projects at two other sites in neighbouring Andalusia since 2017.

Votorantim Cimentos España’s director of sustainability Mario Pinto said "We consider it strategic to implement biodiversity management plans in our facilities because it means guaranteeing the conservation, improvement and enhancement of the natural wealth of industrial land, and confirms the compatibility of cement production with the protection of the natural environment and local ecosystems.”

The subsidiary of Brazil-based Votorantim Cimentos gained control of the Alconera cement plant upon its acquisition of Cementos Balboa in late 2021.


Pakistan: Local cement producers delivered 30.6Mt of cement to customers in Pakistan during the first nine months of the 2023 financial year, down by 15% year-on-year from 36.1Mt in the corresponding period of the 2022 financial year. The Dawn newspaper has reported that producers exported 3.04Mt of cement, 9% of total sales of 33.6Mt. Exports fell by 35% from 4.64Mt, while total sales fell by 18% from 40.8Mt.

The All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association (APCMA) said “Continued political instability, currency devaluation and poor economic conditions are badly affecting all the industrial sectors, including the cement industry.” It continued “Construction activities in both the northern and southern regions of the country have been declining significantly over past months. Employment opportunities for skilled and unskilled labour attached to the construction sector are also in decline.”


Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos recorded specific CO2 emissions per tonne of cement of 579kg/t in 2022, down by 3% year-on-year from 2021 levels and by 24% from its 1990 baseline.

The group achieved an alternative fuel (AF) thermal substitution rate of 27% in 2022, compared with 22% in 2021, marking strong progress towards its 2030 target of 53%. Meanwhile, its cement’s clinker factor fell to 74% from 75%, against a 2030 target of 68%.

Votorantim Cimentos’ global director of sustainability, institutional relations, product development, engineering and energy, Álvaro Lorenz, said “Fighting the negative effects of climate change is at the heart of our strategy and aligns with our focus on competitiveness and on creating a positive legacy for society. We continue to work to optimise our product portfolio, explore opportunities in the circular economy and develop new technologies. The improvements in our performance in 2022 reinforce our commitment and ongoing efforts to support the carbon neutral agenda.”


India: Adani Group is legally ‘paving the way’ for an eventual merger of its cement subsidiaries ACC and Ambuja Cements into Adani Cement. The Hindu BusinessLine News has reported that the merger is not likely to reach completion before April 2024.

Adani Group holds a 63% stake in Ambuja Cements, which in turn holds a 50% in ACC. Adani Group additionally holds a 6.7% direct stake in ACC.


Afghanistan: The government's Ministry of Mines and Petroleum has awarded a contract for the construction of the 1Mt/yr Shur Andam cement plant in Kandahar Province. TOLO News has reported that planned investments in the project totaled US$100m. The government said that construction will commence before April 2024. Production will begin at a 'low level,' and in the longer term the government expects to employ 5000 people at the site.


India: Adani Group says that it will raise funds for its 2028 capacity expansion plan through internal accruals. The producer plans to double its cement capacity to 140Mt/yr by 2028, and also double its sales to US$8.5bn that year. The Financial Express newspaper has reported that the group says its internal accruals will be 'sufficient' to realise its aims. The group is reportedly 'on track' to commence the first phase of the planned expansion in early-mid-2023. It has also set out a cost reduction roadmap with a view to becoming India's most profitable cement company.

Chair Gautam Adani says that he anticipates a 'multi-fold rise' in all-Indian cement consumption due to forecast high economic growth and the government's infrastructure spending plans.


Afghanistan: The Ministry of Mines and Petroleum says that it will 'soon' award contracts to carry out planned expansions of the Jabal Siraj and Samangan cement plants. Together, the projects will increase both plants' cement capacity to 1.21Mt/yr. Local press has reported that the Jabal Siraj plant project will cost US$170m and the Samangan plant project will cost US$136m.


India: UltraTech Cement sold 106Mt of cement during the 2023 financial year, which ended on 31 March 2023. This corresponds to a 12% year-on-year rise from 94Mt in the 2022 financial year. The producer sold 30Mt of cement during the fourth quarter of the financial year, up by 14% year-on-year from 28Mt.

The Hindu newspaper has reported that UltraTech Cement ended the financial year with a cement production capacity of 134Mt/yr, including 2Mt/yr-worth of white cement capacity. It also operates three wall putty plants.


Hungary: The government has enacted an 'architecture law' which will increase its role in decision making within the Hungarian cement industry. When it enters force in July 2023, the law will let the government set producers' cement volumes and prices. It will also require the companies to sell their products to the market-leading retail network, and will give the government a right of first refusal over future divestments.

Der Spiegel News has reported that the government previously enacted decrees that further regulated limestone production, imposed 90% 'additional mining levies' and required producers to obtain special permits to export their cement abroad. Duna-Dráva Cement, a subsidiary of Heidelberg Materials and Schwenk Zement, reportedly began making losses on its bagged cement sales due to the new rules. Both Germany-based owners separately received letters inviting them to sell a stake in Duna-Dráva Cement, and thanking them for their cooperation, in 2022. The sender identified themself as the owner of an 'intensively expanding group of companies' with a 'dominant position in the Hungarian building materials industry.' Anti-corruption organisation Transparency International identified the correspondent as a friend of Hungarian President Viktor Orbán.

Regarding the incoming change to the law, a representative of Heidelberg Materials said "These regulations are a total violation of all the rules of the European internal market. It is obvious that the government wants to pressure foreign cement manufacturers to sell.”


Japan: Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) and Osaka Gas have launched a collaboration to develop a value chain for captured CO2 from Japan's hard-to-abate industries, including the cement sector. JCN Newswire has reported that their collaboration will leverage MHI's expertise in CO2 capture, liquefied CO2 maritime vessel transport and CO2 management, and Osaka Gas' expertise in e-methane production and CO2 storage. The project will integrate MHI and IBM Japan's CO2nnex software platform to model value chains. The project aims to contribute to the realisation of Japan's target of net zero CO2 emissions by 2050.


UK: Hanson UK says that its planned installation of a carbon capture system at its Padeswood cement plant in Flintshire has proceeded to the due diligence and negotiations stage. The project aims to achieve net zero CO2 cement production by capturing 800,000t/yr of CO2. It is part of the HyNet North West array of projects, which combines green hydrogen and carbon capture to build a first-of-its-kind industrial decarbonisation cluster.

Hanson UK CEO Simon Willis said “I would like to thank the government and all of those that supported us in our bid to receive funding which will enable us to help decarbonise the construction industry and meet our overall ambition to become a net zero business. This global exemplar project will provide net zero construction materials for major projects across the country, from new offshore wind farms and nuclear power stations to clean transport infrastructure.”


Colombia: A criminal court has found former Cemex Colombia vice president Édgar Ramírez Martínez and fellow former director Eugenio Correa Díaz guilty of fraud, according to El Espactador newspaper. The court found that Ramírez Martínez had committed unfair administration, illicit enrichment and falsification of a private document in the process of obtaining land for use as a quarry to supply its Maceo cement plant in Antioquia. It found that Correa Díaz had committed illicit enrichment, money laundering and falsification of a private document while serving as an intermediary in the same process. Ramírez Martínez received a prison sentence of 15 years and one month, while Correa Díaz received a sentence of 20 years.

Cemex Colombia obtained the land in question during the administration of the estate of deceased embezzler José Aldemar Moncada. The court found that it had defrauded the true owners, a local family, in order to include it in Moncada's asset forfeiture prior to sale to Cemex Colombia by Correa Díaz.


China: Xinjiang Tianshan Cement has secured board approval for an issue of commercial paper. Reuters has reported the total value of the paper as US$2.19bn.


India: Adani Group has reportedly relocated 'significant roles' in ACC and Ambuja Cements to Ahmedabad, Gujarat. ACC and Ambuja Cements' headquarters are situated in Mumbai, Maharashtra, and employ 6000 and 4700 people respectively. The Business Standard newspaper has reported that many people in leadership positions now based in Ahmedabad continue to run teams in Mumbai.


Pakistan: Bestway Cement has ignited the kiln of Line 1 of its Mianwali cement plant in Punjab. The line has a capacity of 2.3Mt/yr. The Pakistan Observer newspaper has reported that it increases the producer's cement capacity by 18% to 15.3Mt/yr and brings its total number of production lines to eight. The Mianwali cement plant is equipped with a 20MW solar power plant and will run on 50% renewable energy. It also has a 9MW waste heat recovery (WHR) plant, an air cooled condenser (ACC) system and a rainwater harvesting system.

Bestway Cement CEO Lord Zameer Choudrey said "It's a great day for the company. Our new greenfield production line at Mianwali has been set up in a record time, despite various hurdles and supply chain disruptions caused by Covid-19."


Indonesia: Semen Indonesia subsidiary Semen Baturaja has obtained four loans worth a total US$59.9m. Bank Negara Indonesia, Bank Mandiri, Bank CIMB Niaga and HSBC Indonesia advanced the funds. The loans' syndicated credit agreement aligns with Semen Baturaja's sustainability strategy, which is based on Semen Indonesia's Sustainability Framework.

Semen Baturaja's managing director Daconi Khotob said "This syndicated sustainability-linked loan will provide many benefits for Semen Baturaja, including lower interest rates than conventional loans, more attractive term sheets and the flexibility to make accelerated repayments." Khotob added that the sustainability provisions will also 'broaden the scope of investors.'


Canada: The Cement Association of Canada (CAC) said that it is 'confident that Canada will lead in building clean technologies for a sustainable future' following the publication of the government's Budget 2023 on 29 March 2023. The budget includes US$26bn-worth of green tax credits. US$19.2bn-worth of this is allotted to renewable energy. It also includes a final design for Canada's Investment Tax Credit for Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage (CCUS). CAC president and CEO Adam Auer said that, when finalised, the budget will help to 'close the gap' between existing Canadian legislation and incentives offered under the US Inflation Reduction Act and EU Green Deal Industrial Plan.

Auer said “With close to 60% of our emissions resulting from the immutable chemistry of making cement, deep investment in innovative and expensive technologies, like CCUS, are both vital and unavoidable. With Budget 2023, the government clearly affirmed its understanding of the final role this technology plays in our industry’s efforts to reach net-zero." He continued “We were also pleased to see references to carbon contracts for difference (CCfD). Canada’s cement companies, like many industries in Canada, are part of large multinationals, and divisions must compete within their companies for projects. Investing in net-zero projects requires predictability. The certainty that CCfDs can provide is the difference between attracting investment, building projects and creating clean jobs - or conceding the opportunity to our competitors."


Vietnam: The General Statistics Office recorded domestic cement production volumes of 27.4Mt throughout the first quarter of 2023. The figure corresponds to a drop of 9.9% year-on-year from first-quarter 2022 levels. Việt Nam News has reported that the country produced 116Mt of cement in 2022, up by 5.8% year-on-year.


Mexico: Holcim Mexico has commenced production of its Fuerte Más reduced-CO2 cement at its cement plants in Macuspana and Tabasco at a combined rate of 60,000t/yr. The cement offers 50% reduced CO2 emissions and 10% higher physical performance than ordinary Portland cement (OPC). The El Economista newspaper has reported that Holcim Mexico replaces some of the clinker in the cement with locally-sourced minerals from Southeast Mexico. Chemical compounds in the material colour the cement red.

The Centre for Technological Innovation for Construction (CITEC) Toluca verified the product as suitable for all applications. Holcim Mexico's industrial director Adrián Belli said that comparable green cements are currently only available in France and Italy.