Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW649 / 06 March 2024

Headlines


Cement producers appear to have doubled down on the lessons they learned in 2022 by seeking profits wherever they could in 2023, despite stagnant markets in certain key places. Even with sales volumes of cement going down for most of the multinational cement companies covered here, revenues and earnings rose through price rises or business realignment.

Heidelberg Materials can often be relied upon to sprinkle a bit less sugar on its financial commentary compared to some of its competitors. Thus it is always worth reflecting on what it says. In its view, “In 2023, high inflation rates across the globe, increased financing costs, and persistently high energy and raw material prices significantly impaired construction activity and thus demand for our building materials. The decline in demand in private residential construction, which was massive in some cases, could not be offset by a solid development in industrial commercial construction and infrastructure projects.” Other opinions are available.

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected cement producers in 2022 and 2023. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement.

Graph 1: Sales revenue from selected cement producers in 2022 and 2023. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for UltraTech Cement.

Heidelberg Materials is notably missing in Graph 2 (below), though as the company is likely to be holding back its cement sales volume numbers until it releases its full annual report for 2023 towards the end of March 2024. However, Holcim and Heidelberg Materials reached similar sales volumes of cement in 2022 and this looks likely to have continued in 2023, or even gone further. Holcim divested its India-based and Brazil-based operations in 2022 and Africa-based ones in South Africa, Tanzania and Uganda in 2023. Heidelberg Materials has also slimmed down, albeit at a slower pace, with the sale of its businesses in Southern Spain in 2022 and The Gambia in 2023. Note that CRH and Holcim have swapped places in terms of sales revenue from 2022 to 2023. 65% of CRH’s sales came from its Americas divisions.

The outlier here is UltraTech Cement. It increased its sales volumes as the India-based market continues to push forward. Dangote Cement, meanwhile, delivered a surprise with a fall in volumes, due to poor trading at home in Nigeria. Sales outside of Nigeria grew significantly though. A real key moment for the evolution of Dangote Cement as a multinational player will be when its sales, volumes and earnings outside of Nigeria surpass those from back home. It’s not there yet but it looks likely to happen in the next few years.

Graph 2: Cement sales volumes from selected cement producers in 2022 and 2023. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for CRH and UltraTech Cement.

Graph 2: Cement sales volumes from selected cement producers in 2022 and 2023. Source: Company reports. Note: Figures calculated for CRH and UltraTech Cement.

The progress of the construction market in the US compared to elsewhere has wielded an outsized effect on balance sheets for companies. Signs of this have been apparent for several years but it really picked up in 2023 with CRH switching its primary listing to the US in September 2023 and then Holcim announcing that it is planning to spin-off its North American business (for more on this see GCW 645). Heidelberg Materials was asked during its analysts’ conference call for its 2023 financial results what its plans were for the US. Chair Dominik von Achten said he was against splitting the business off from the rest of the group but that all other options were on the table. Various media outlets have interpreted this to mean that an initial public offering in the US is a likely possibility.

What Cemex does with this situation, if anything, might be worth watching. The company is already North America-focused. Its key markets are in Mexico, the US and Europe, and it is already listed in Mexico and the US. Subsequently in 2023 the market in Mexico bounced back and operating earnings rose sharply in both Mexico and the US. Finally on this theme, Buzzi, the fifth largest cement producer in the US by capacity, may also face a similar dilemma to its peers about what to do with its largest earning business area.

The increasing dominance of the US market for western-based multinational cement producers may be accelerating a trend towards large regional companies everywhere. China-based cement players already dominate the top 10 list of the world’s largest cement producers by capacity. Companies from India and elsewhere are on the way to do likewise as they grow and concentrate on one geographic area. The situation in the US meanwhile is persuading the multinationals to do the same thing in reverse as they reconfigure themselves based on market demand. In financial terms, this may mean chasing growth in the US, learning to cope with high carbon prices in Europe or diversifying away from heavy building materials. Elsewhere, despite the proliferation of regional giants, such as the China-based cement companies, few seem keen to become truly multinational in a hurry, although opportunities, such as the ongoing sale of InterCement in Brazil or CRH’s acquisition of AdBri in Australia, are still present.

Global Cement Weekly will return to look at the large China-based cement companies when they release their financial results later in March 2024


Qatar: Al Jabor Cement has appointed Rizwan Khan as its General Manager.

He previously worked as the chief financial officer for Al Jabor Cement. Prior to this he held financial and analytical roles for LafargeHolcim in the UAE and Saudi Arabia from 2009. Earlier in his career he worked for Emirates Flight Catering from the late 1990s. Khan holds a master in business administration qualification with a focus on finance from the University of Bradford in the UK.

Al Jabor Cement has been an affiliate company to Holcim since 2003 when it formed a strategic partnership. It also uses the name Holcim Cement Qatar.


Denmark: Norway-based Geminor has appointed Per Mernelius as Country Manager for Geminor Denmark. He succeeds Kasper Thomsen in the position, who was recently appointed as the Operations Director for Geminor Group. Mernelius is currently the Country Manager for Sweden and he will add the new responsibilities to this role. Initially, he will be in charge of the Danish market for 12 months, pending the appointment of a new country manager in Denmark.

Mernelius commented “Denmark and Sweden are our two biggest downstream markets, with nearly 1Mt of imported refuse-derived fuel/solid recovered fuel in 2023. As such, many similarities open up for synergies in the coming year. An important factor is logistics, and how we can coordinate the two markets for more efficient operations. Our ambition is to grow further and to cater for the existing over-capacity within energy recovery in Scandinavia.”

Mernelius has worked for Geminor since 2016. Before this he worked for Sweden-based energy supplier Jönköping Energi. He is a graduate of the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences.


Nigeria: Lafarge Africa revealed its 2023 financial results, with profit dropping by 4.7% year-on-year to US$32.6m, compared to US$34.2m in 2022.

CEO Lolu Alade-Akinyemi said “The fundamentals of our business remain strong in spite of extremely challenging macroeconomic headwinds.”


Egypt: The Arabian Cement Company has reported a 36% year-on-year rise in its sales, reaching US$124m in 2023. Profits also saw a substantial jump, up by 94% to US$14.3m in 2023 from US$7.37m in 2022.


Czech Republic: Engineering company Aliacem started trial operation in February 2024 of an upgrade project to the preheater at Cement Hranice’s integrated plant. The project was reportedly completed on schedule, met quality standards and occurred without any injuries. Cement Hranice is a subsidiary of Italy-based Buzzi.


Netherlands: EMC Cement and HES International plan to build a 1.2Mt/yr plant in Amsterdam to produce an alternative cement that contains 70% volcanic ash. The cement will also include recycled concrete fines. Production will be carbon neutral and consume 90% less energy than traditional ordinary Portland cement production. The Amsterdam plant is scheduled for commissioning by early 2026.

EMC Cement CEO Atle Lygren said "Our EMC Technology, by replacing 70% of Portland cement clinker, enables significant climate action without the need for costly carbon capture and storage, aligning with the demands of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change."


Spain: Cemex España plans to install a new tertiary mill in its Alicante cement plant’s refuse-derived fuel (RDF) line. The project, called Molentis, is scheduled for completion in early 2025 and will cost €6m. The Molentis upgrade will help the Alicante cement plant to raise its RDF substitution rate by 8%, according to the producer. This in turn will reduce its CO2 emissions by 6700t/yr. The Spanish Ministry of Industry, Energy and Tourism granted €4.4m toward the project to Cemex España under its Innovation and Sustainability Plan.

Cemex España director of operations Benjamín Cabrera said "Molentis will enable us to advance towards climate neutrality and position the Alicante factory at the forefront of new technologies in the decarbonised industry."


India: Everest Industries is constructing a fibre cement boards and wall panels plant in Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, with an investment of US$22.6m. The new facility, located on an 8.09 hectare plot in the Kellambali-Badanaguppe industrial area, will be operational later in March 2024. It will produce 72,000Mt/yr of fibre cement boards and 19,000Mt/yr of Rapicon wall panels. The company specialises in the production of fibre cement boards.

The plant is expected to generate 127 job opportunities.


India: Adani Group will invest US$603m in the construction of a 4Mt/yr clinker plant at Chorgadi and grinding plants in Dewas and Bhopal. The combined capacity will be 8Mt/yr. The move is part of a US$9bn investment which the company says will create 15,000 jobs across various sectors.


Germany: Australia-based Calix confirmed that its LEILAC-2 project will take place at Heidelberg Materials’ cement plant in Ennigerloh, Germany. This follows Heidelberg Materials' decision to cease clinker production at its Hanover cement plant. The project, which aims to capture CO₂ emissions from cement production, already has a system design ready for construction at Ennigerloh.

LEILAC CEO Daniel Rennie said "The LEILAC technology represents a scalable and economical solution to address the carbon dioxide emissions produced unavoidably by the cement and lime industries, and the rapid demonstration of such solutions is essential to achieving our industrial decarbonisation goals."


Saudi Arabia: Kreisel has delivered three 700 x 700mm high-pressure rotary valves to a China-based engineering firm for its construction of a cement plant in Saudi Arabia. Each valve is equipped with Ultra-Carbide protection and is able to convey 125t/hr of raw meal over a distance of 263m. In addition to the valves, Kreisel will also supply air supply units and other non-critical components.


Germany: Heidelberg Materials has secured a patent for a new method for producing Portland composite cement (PCC) using calcined clay and recycled waste cement. GlobalData News has reported that the process involves grinding clay with quartz and feldspar and calcining the clay, before mixing it with the cement. The PCC’s cement content varies from 30% to 80%, while its calcined clay content varies from 10% to 70%.


Mexico: Cemex has launched a new process called clinker micronisation, developed at its Research and Development Center in Switzerland. The method enables cement producers to lower the clinker factor of their cement by up to 50%, while maintaining its strength. It also offers the additional benefit of allowing concrete users to reduce the proportion of cement in their mixes.

CEO Fernando González said “We are finding new ways to boost our decarbonisation roadmap in the production of cement and concrete. We remain committed to achieving our ambitious 2030 decarbonisation goals on the path to becoming a Net Zero company by 2050.”


Vietnam/US: Several Vietnamese cement companies, including Long Son Cement, Nghi Son Cement, Vicem Ha Tien Cement, Thanh Thang Cement, and Xuan Thanh Cement, raised their exports to the US in early 2024. The reasons for the increase include an ongoing local shortage in the US, Việt Nam News has reported.

In 2023, Vicem Ha Tien Cement and Nghi Son Cement made their first shipments of cement to the US, averaging 40,000t per shipment. Vietnam's cement industry, with a production capacity of 120Mt/yr, is experiencing a surplus of 60Mt. To address this, producers have increased their exports, with the majority of sales going to China, the Philippines, Bangladesh, Taiwan and some Middle Eastern countries.


Nigeria: Dangote Cement has reported a 36% year-on-year rise in its sales to US$1.44bn in 2023. Meanwhile, the producer’s profit after tax grew by 19% to US$300m. Dangote Cement’s expansion of its market share across Africa continued, with pan-African volumes growth of 13%, to 11.3Mt.


Nigeria: BUA Cement recorded 27% year-on-year growth in sales in 2023, to US$300m. This was in spite of ‘economic challenges,’ including a rate of inflation of the Nigerian Naira of 30% at the end of the year. Costs rose by 39% to US$180m, both due to inflation and energy crises. Nonetheless, the group grew its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) by 10% to US$111m. Profit after tax dropped by 31% to US$45.4m.

Managing director and CEO Yusuf Binji said “Clearly, the operating environment in 2023 was challenging, given the different headwinds confronted at the start of the year and especially with the devaluation of the Naira.” Looking ahead to the current year, Binji added “We could commission the new 3Mt/yr lines at the Sokoto and Obu cement plants, activate a new 70MW gas power plant in Sokoto and eagerly await the activation of the 70MW gas power plant at Obu during the first quarter of 2024. Apart from these, we took delivery of over 500 trucks to support our distribution activities, which further deepened our market presence.”

The Daily Trust newspaper has reported that religious leaders held thanksgiving services for a 50% pay rise for BUA Cement's employees at the company’s Sokoto cement plant on 1 March 2024.


Colombia: Cementos Argos will benefit from US$128m in new investments in 2024. Reuters has reported that the investments will focus on enhancing operations and quality assurance. Parent company Grupo Argos plans to invest a total of US$509m in its subsidiaries throughout the year.


Australia: Belgium-based Etex has acquired BGC Fibre Cement and BGC Plasterboard from BGC. The assets include the Canning Vale fibre cement board plant in Western Australia. Both businesses reported total sales of US$101m in the 2023 financial year.

Etex CEO Bernard Delvaux said “We warmly welcome our 200 new teammates coming from BGC. Joining forces with their plasterboard and fibre cement activities is a strategic opportunity for Etex. With this, we take a top three position in the fibre cement market and are eager to start delivering quality fibre cement to new customers.”


US: The Portland Cement Association (PCA)’s Environment and Energy Committee met in Tampa, Florida, to discuss the formation of a new coalition with other industry bodies under the leadership of the US Chamber of Commerce. The PCA said the coalition will take legal action against the US government, following the Environmental Protection Association (EPA)'s introduction of new, lower particulates emissions standards. The association says that the revised standards may lead to layoffs and lower cement and concrete production.

Other items on the agenda for the committee’s biannual meeting include permitting and regulatory reform for carbon capture, utilisation and storage and alternative fuels for cement production.


Saudi Arabia: Eastern Province Cement Company has entered into a contract with China National Building Material subsidiary Sinoma CDI to build its Khursaniyah cement plant’s upcoming 10,000t/day Line 5. Mubasher News has reported the value of the contract as US$271m. The contract includes engineering, supply, construction, installation, testing, operation and training services on a complete turnkey basis.

CEO Fahd bin Rashid Al-Otaibi said “The project aims to replace some low-efficiency production lines, enhancing energy efficiency and the company's capacity to meet local demand. This initiative aligns with the kingdom's vision to maximise shareholder returns and support future infrastructure projects that improve quality of life.”

The company secured approval from its board to award the contract to Sinoma CDI in January 2024.


Spain: FCC’s sales rose by 17% year-on-year to €9.03bn in 2023. Meanwhile, the company’s earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) increased by 17% to €1.53bn. The company reported a profit growth of 88% to €591m, following the stabilisation of its main business areas, particularly in cement. The cement business registered a 19% increase in turnover. The business includes Cementos Portland Valderrivas.


Ireland: CRH reported a 7% year-on-year increase in revenues to US$34.9bn in 2023. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) grew by 15% to US$6.2bn. It attributed its earnings growth to favourable weather conditions that facilitated the clearance of work backlogs. Looking ahead, CRH forecasts EBITDA of US$6.55 – 6.85bn in 2024.

CEO Albert Manifold said “Despite continued inflationary cost pressures during 2023 we expanded our margins and delivered further growth in profits, cash generation and returns.”


Tanzania: Huaxin Cement Tanzania Maweni Company has successfully commenced operations at its new Mavini plant. INPR News has reported that the plant will export cement to other countries. This will generate economic growth whilst also creating 1000 new jobs for local people, according to the company.


Singapore: Hong Leong Asia reported a 5% year-on-year rise in revenue to US$3.03bn and a 19% increase in net income to US$48.3m for 2023. In the second half of the year, the company’s building materials segment raised its sales by 14% to US$256m and more than doubled in profit to US$33.6m. It attributed the growth to its cement and ready-mix operations in Malaysia, which reversed its previous year's losses.

CEO Stephen Ho said "The prices we see in Malaysia now reflect a bit more closely the higher costs of operations. I think we are at a level where profitability starts to kick in for everyone.”


Spain: Cementos Molins’ revenues were €1.35bn in 2023, marking a 6% year-on-year rise, amid increased cement sales volumes. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 22% to €337m, while its net profit grew by 35% to €151m. The company noted its successes in the face of economic slowdown and supply chain disruptions across its markets.

CEO Julio Rodríguez said “We have achieved record sales and profits in an increasingly complex and uncertain global environment. Moreover, we have once again confirmed the strength of our business model by exceeding our targets.”


Gabon: Cimaf Gabon is considering establishing a new $147m cement plant in Meba, Estuaire Province. This will help to end Cimaf Gabon's dependence on clinker imports and raise its total cement production capacity by 18% from 850,000t/yr to 1Mt/yr, against local demand of 600,000t/yr.

Managing director Janah Idrissi El Mehdi said "We currently import €32.6m/yr-worth of clinker. The idea behind this investment is to be able to enhance the local industrial fabric and at the same time enable job creation in the order of 1500 jobs in the project phase and 500 jobs in the operating phase. And also in parallel a stabilisation of cement prices."


Belgium: Heidelberg Materials Benelux will invest €450m in its Anthemis project, involving the installation of an 800,000t/yr carbon capture system, at its Antoing cement plant. The project is scheduled for completion in 2029. Captured CO2 will travel by pipeline to the North Sea for storage.


Germany: The German government published its new carbon management strategy and draft carbon storage law (KSpG) on 26 February 2024. The KSpG revises understandings of carbon neutrality to include CO2 savings made through carbon capture and storage (CCS). The government says that the legislation primarily aims to support hard-to-abate sectors like cement, while coal-fired power plants will be barred from future CO2 pipeline access. Heidelberg Materials CEO Dominik von Achten was alongside politicians at the strategy launch. The producer’s Brevik cement plant in Norway is set to become carbon neutral through the capture and storage of 400,000t/yr of CO2.

German Federal Minister for Economic Affairs Robert Habeck said "Achieving our climate targets without CCS is impossible."


Austria: RHI Magnesita reported 7.7% year-on-year growth in its sales from €3.32bn to €3.57bn in 2023. Its gross profit rose by 12% from €763m to €857m, while its earnings before interest, taxation and amortisation (EBITA) rose by 1.6% from €372m to €378m.