Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW668 / 17 July 2024

Headlines


A battle over cement pricing in Ghana reached a new stage this week when the Chamber of Cement Manufacturers (COCMAG) hit back at proposed government regulation. Frédéric Albrecht, the chair of the association, told a meeting that about 80% of local production costs linked to cement manufacture are related to the local currency exchange rate. So fixing the price would do little to address the main cause behind rises.

Albrecht was speaking at a stakeholders’ forum organised by the Ghana Chamber of Construction. The group was convened to discuss the government’s proposed Ghana Standards Authority (Pricing of Cement) Regulations 2024 that were formally presented in the country’s parliament in early July 2024. The association argues that the cement sector has not been consulted properly over the proposal and that introducing it could have negative consequences for the construction sector as a whole. It says that imported clinker is subject to numerous taxes and that the average price of cement has actually lagged behind the rate of inflation.

The government is dealing with an economic crisis that forced it to default on its external debts in 2022 and ask the International Monetary Fund for support. This has led to depreciation of the local currency and high inflation. Around the same time the authorities have also been attempting to regulate the cement sector more closely. In 2022 the Ghana Standards Authority (GSA) took action against a brand of cement, Empire Cement, that appeared to be on sale without any of the required permits. Then in the autumn of 2023 the Ghana Revenue Authority (GRA) shut down Wan Heng Ghana’s grinding plant in Tema after the company failed to pay a major tax bill. Action by the GSA followed when it shut down three more plants in the Ashanti Region - Xin An Safe Cement Ghana, Kumasi Cement Ghana and Unicem Cement Ghana - for using inferior materials in cement production.

In April 2024 a nine-member committee was established to monitor and coordinate the local cement industry. Notably, cement producers have been required to register with the committee in order to secure a licence to manufacture cement. Kobina Tahir Hammond, the Trade and Indus¬try Minister, then said in late June 2024 that the government wanted to intervene in cement pricing to protect consumers from what he described as the ‘haphazard’ increment in cement prices by manufacturers. A legislative instrument doing just that was presented in parliament on 2 July 2024. Around the same time the GSA reportedly threatened to close down ‘several’ more cement plants for non-compliance.

The cement industry in Ghana is particularly vulnerable to currency exchange effects as it is dominated by grinding plants. One integrated cement plant, Savanna Diamond Cement, was launched in the north of the country in the mid 2010s. However, this compares to 14 licensed grinding plants in the country reported in the local media. This includes units run by Ciments de l’Afrique (CIMAF), Dangote Cement, Diamond Cement (WACEM) and Heidelberg Materials subsidiary Ghacem and its CBI Ghana joint-venture amongst others. This makes it one of the countries in Sub-Saharan Africa with the most grinding plants, along with places such as Mozambique and South Africa. When the Ministry of Trade and Industry started a consultation on regulating the cement sector in late 2023 it calculated that the country produced 7.2Mt of cement in 2021 and that the country had an overcapacity of 3.5Mt. This gives the country an estimated cement production capacity of just below 11Mt/yr.

Some sense of the growing costs that the cement sector in Ghana is facing can be seen in the Ghana Statistical Trade Report for 2023. Clinker was the country’s third biggest import by value at US$206m. It was only exceeded by diesel and other automotive oil products. The Ghana Statistical Service reported that most of the country’s imported clinker in 2023 came from Egypt, South Africa and its neighbours in West Africa. Both Dangote Cement and Heidelberg Materials flagged up the country’s economy as being hyperinflationary in their respective annual reports for 2023.

Argument and counter-argument over cement pricing is prevalent around the world especially in Africa. Fellow West African country Nigeria, for example, has endured plenty of very public dialogue and debate about the price of cement. In Ghana’s case it seems more likely than not that factors beyond the control of the local cement companies are driving the prices given the grinding-dominated nature of the sector with lots of different companies involved. Negative currency effects and inflation look more likely to be driving cement prices than anything else, although one should always be wary of the potential for cartel-like behaviour by cement producers. The economic crisis in Ghana certainly fits the bill for the conventional introduction of price controls on selected commodities but getting the fine tuning right could be difficult in practice. Fixed prices will reassure consumers in the short term provided supplies hold. Beyond this the actual causes of the high cement prices should emerge in time.


UK: Aggregate Industries has appointed Lee Sleight as its new CEO. He succeeds Dragan Maksimovic in the post, who was appointed as Region Head West Europe earlier in 2024. Sleight will take up his new position from 1 August 2024.

Sleight joined the UK subsidiary of Holcim in 2021 as the managing director of the ready-mixed concrete division. He became the head of the aggregates division in late 2023. Prior to his time with Aggregate Industries, Sleight worked for Sika in the UK from 2008 to 2019 in a variety of managerial roles. He was then appointed as Business Unit Manager for Sika in 2019.

Kaziwe Kaulule will succeed Sleight as the managing director of the company’s aggregates division. Kaziwe joined Aggregate Industries in late 2023 as Director of Strategic and Commercial Growth, having previously been CEO of Holcim’s South Africa and Zimbabwe businesses.


Tanzania: Mbeya Cement has appointed Mohamed Ismail Elsaidy as its CEO. He holds 25 years of experience in the industrial sector with much experience in cement. He started his career working for Blue Circle in Saudi Arabia in the late 1990s. He later held engineering roles for the Egyptian Cement Company, Lafarge Emirates Cement and eventually became the Operation and Process General Manager for Wadi El Nile Cement. As well as holding academic positions, he also worked for the Egyptian General Authority for Standardization and Quality in the early 2020s. Elsaidy holds a PhD in chemical engineering from Cairo University.


Argentina: The sale of the cement plant Loma Negra by Argentine company to Brazilian firm Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) will not proceed. The exclusivity term for negotiations expired on 12 July 2024 without an agreement, as stated in a communication to the Buenos Aires Stock Exchange by Loma Negra. It is now speculated that businessman Marcelo Mindlin may become a candidate to acquire the company.


US: Holcim US in Missouri will receive US$1.37m from President Biden's Inflation Reduction Act to support the reduction of climate pollution in manufacturing construction materials, as announced by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The grant is part of a broader effort to reduce emissions from the manufacturing industry and will aid Holcim's Environmental Product Declaration Accelerator Project.

EPA Region 7 Administrator, Meg McCollister, said "We commend Holcim for its work in advancing sustainable practices to reduce carbon emissions here in the Heartland and across our nation. Its innovative approach, supported by this grant, advances climate-friendly practices and sustainability in one of our nation's most important industries."


Philippines: Cemex Holdings Philippines has entered a retail supply agreement through its subsidiary Apo Cement with Sem-Calaca Res to supply 44MW of electricity to its cement plant in Naga, Cebu. The agreement will remain effective until 25 December 2024.

Chair and President Isidro Consunji said "While cement demand is currently low, we expect it to rebound as our turnaround plan progresses, supported by the 'Build Better More' programme and the anticipated easing of interest rates next year."


Türkiye: The value of Türkiye's cement exports to Russia has fallen by 15.5% to US$40m in the first half of 2024, compared to the same period in 2023, according to Türkiye's Trade Ministry. In June 2024, cement exports to Russia totalled US$7.2m, down by 5.5% from June 2023.

Additionally, Türkiye's total cement exports from January to June 2024 decreased by 9.4%, amounting to US$2.1bn. June 2024 saw a significant reduction, with exports valued at US$336.5m, an 18.3% decline from 2023.


Pakistan: According to brokerage firm AKD Securities, Pakistan's cement industry recorded a 2% year-on-year growth in dispatches, reaching 45.3Mt in the financial year 2024, largely due to increased exports. Domestic sales, however, fell to a seven-year low of 33.2Mt, a 5% decline from 2023. This drop is attributed to a slowdown in construction activities, influenced by high construction costs, rising inflation, and peak interest rates.

Exports grew significantly by 56% year-on-year, amounting to 7.11Mt. This was mainly due to the decreased international coal prices, which improves the viability of exports. Despite the overall increase, June 2024 saw a decline in both local sales and exports. Local sales fell by 12% due to fewer working days during the Eid holidays, and exports declined by 18%, mainly due to reduced clinker sales from the south regions.


France: The Eqiom Lumbres cement plant, part of CRH, has commissioned ThyssenKrupp Polysius to construct a fine grinding plant. The new plant will include the Polysius booster mill and the Sepol ultra-fine classifier, along with necessary auxiliary equipment. ThyssenKrupp Polysius is set to deliver the equipment by late summer 2025, aiming for commissioning in the fourth quarter of 2025. It will also provide on-site service and technical support for performance optimisation.

Project Manager Layal Haddad said "We are proud to be contributing to decarbonisation with the ultra-fine grinding plant and reducing the CO₂ footprint of cement. This is the first ultra-fine grinding plant based on a Polysius booster mill to be sold worldwide. We look forward to a successful project together with the Eqiom/CRH team."


Canada: Minister of Environment and Climate Change, Steven Guilbeault, announced the reinvestment of up to US$1.6m from industrial pollution pricing proceeds into a new emissions reduction project at St Marys Cement in St Marys, Ontario. This initiative will involve the installation of a new kiln utilising low-carbon fuels, including discarded plastics, to reduce the use of carbon-intensive fuels used in the manufacturing process by up to 30%. The project aims for a reduction of over 39,900t of greenhouse gas emissions by 2030, according to Foreign Affairs news.


India: Oriana Power has received an order for a 40MWp solar power plant in Rajasthan from a cement producer. The project is valued at US$18m. Oriana will provide engineering, procurement and construction, alongside the commissioning, operation and maintenance of the plant. The plant is scheduled for commissioning in April 2025, with a subsequent operation and maintenance period of 25 years.


Canada: WEG will supply the substation of Votorantim Cimentos North America’s St Marys Cement plant in Bowmanville, Ontario with its transformers. The order includes four transformers with capacities of 20MVA and 25MVA and voltage levels of 43.8/4.16kV. Sales and engineering teams from Brazil collaborated with VJ Pamensky Canada, the exclusive distributor of WEG in Canada, on the project.


Pakistan: Cement producers across Pakistan have initiated an indefinite nationwide strike in response to increased withholding and turnover taxes introduced in the federal budget for 2024-25. The mandatory implementation of Point of Sale systems has also been criticised, due to a lack of resources and training. The All Pakistan Cement Manufacturers Association is urging the government to adopt a presumptive tax regime to mitigate these challenges. Meanwhile, despite domestic challenges, Pakistan's cement exports rose by 40.5% in the first 11 months of the 2023-2024 financial year (FY23-24), which ended on 30 June 2024. reaching almost US$237m from US$168m in the corresponding period in FY22-23.


Vietnam: State-owned Vietnam Cement Industry Corporation (Vicem) reported a loss of US$34m in the first half of 2024, a figure that has increased by 200% year-on-year.

The losses are attributed to a stagnant real estate market, rising material and fuel costs, exchange rate fluctuations and intense competition within the industry. Vicem produced 7.63Mt of clinker and 9.77Mt of cement during the period, experiencing over a 7% year-on-year decline in both. Its revenue also fell by 19.4% year-on-year to nearly US$520m. This is the second consecutive year the firm has recorded a loss, following a US$43m deficit in 2023.


Kazakhstan: Steppe Cement reported on 12 July 2024 that its revenue in the first half of 2024 was impacted by lower average cement prices. In the first six months of 2024, sales of cement fell 4% to 0.72Mt from 0.75Mt in 2023. The company generated sales of US$32.4m, down 9.6% from US$36bn in 2023. During the first half of 2024, the cement market in Kazakhstan declined by 1.6% year-on-year from 2023, with much of the decline concentrated in the first quarter. Overall demand in the Kazakh cement market was 11Mt in 2023, and is expected to be similar in 2024. Looking ahead, the company anticipates further growth and increased sales in 2024.

A spokesperson for Steppe said "The cost of transport and some utilities, particularly electricity, have significantly increased year-on-year. However, sales focus in local markets, better production levels and higher productivity have partially compensated for these increased costs."


Denmark: Aalborg Portland, a Danish cement firm, has completed testing for its second carbon capture pilot plant and will now undergo further trials in Romania and Greece, according to M-Brain News. This plant is a key component of the EU-subsidised ConsenCUS project.

A spokesperson for Aalborg Portland said "This experience offers preliminary knowledge ahead of establishing a full-scale CO₂ capture facility, and we are also contributing to the progression of this area where we, within the ConsenCUS collaboration, have verified the existence of multiple potential technologies for CO₂ capture."


Oman: Oman's solid waste management entity, Be'ah, has reported progress in its strategy to transition solid waste from landfill disposal to refuse derived fuel (RDF), according to Oman Daily Observer.

In 2023, Be'ah launched initiatives focusing on transforming waste into RDF, electrical and electronic waste and green waste. The company has signed an agreement with Oman Cement Company to provide tyre derived fuel for its energy needs, eventually expanding to include RDF. A memorandum of understanding (MoU) was signed with Oman Cement during Oman Sustainability Week to explore the utilisation of RDF as an additional alternative fuel source, according to the company’s 2023 sustainability report.

Chair of Be’ah, Ahmed al Subhi, said "We take pride in our strategic resource management initiatives, having set ambitious targets for transitioning to a circular economy, including achieving 60% waste utilisation by 2025 and 80% by 2030.”


Italy: The President of the Italian cement association Federbeton, Stefano Gallini, has highlighted the disadvantages of cement and clinker production relocating to non-EU countries with lower costs, according to Milan Finance.

New data from from the Federation of Italian Cement Producers reports that imports of non-European cement into Italy rose by 22.6% year-on-year in 2023 to 3.6Mt. From 2018 to 2023, the import of intercontinental cement has increased by 572%, compared to a 6.5% increase in European purchases.


Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos will invest US$36.7m to double the production capacity of its Edealina plant in Goiás from 1Mt/yr to 2Mt/yr. The new cement grinding line is scheduled for completion in the second half of 2025. This expansion is a key component of Votorantim's US$919m investment program over the next five years. The program includes significant investments in increasing cement production capacity, alternative fuel usage and decarbonisation efforts, with US$312m already being implemented.


UK: Loesche has won a contract from Aggregate Industries UK, part of the Holcim Group, to design, manufacture and deliver a grinding plant for a new production and distribution facility at the Port of Tilbury, set to open in 2025. The new plant will feature a Loesche vertical roller mill of the LM 30.2 CS type, complete with a dynamic classifier, process and nuisance filters, a hot gas generator and mill fan. This facility will allow Aggregate Industries UK to supply its customers with a range of conventional, low carbon and circular cementitious materials 24 hours a day from five loading heads.


US: Vineyard Offshore has agreed to buy 2000t of cement from Sublime Systems, a Massachusetts startup planning a US$150m ‘carbon-free’ cement plant in the city. The cement will be used for turbine platforms and onshore civil works within the Vineyard Wind 2 project, aiming to reduce its carbon footprint. This agreement is contingent on the project's selection in upcoming solicitations.


Brazil: Despite experiencing a 1.2% year-on-year increase in cement sales in the first half of 2024 to 30.6Mt, the Brazilian cement industry is adjusting to mixed economic signals, according to the National Union of the Cement Industry (SNIC). While June sales rose by 2.1% year-on-year to 5.4Mt, overall growth projections have been downgraded from 2.4% to 1.4% for 2024 due to macroeconomic turbulence and extreme weather conditions.


The Gambia: Minister for Trade, Industry, Regional Integration and Employment, Baboucar Ousmaila Joof, clarified in a parliamentary session that The Gambia has not increased taxes on cement imported from Senegal. The excise tax applies uniformly to all imported bagged cement to support local manufacturing. Despite challenges in penetrating the Senegalese market due to protectionist policies, The Gambia continues to promote regional trade through a trade liberalization scheme, enabling duty-free access across member states. The scheme has seen rising imports from Senegal, growing significantly from US$11.3m in 2018 to over US$44m in 2022. The minister emphasised the critical role of government support in sustaining the industry amidst challenges such as smuggling and high production costs.

The Minister said “Past studies of the manufacturing sector in the country found that more than 80% of the manufacturing units were operating less than 50% of their installed capacity due to high cost of energy, taxation and limited market space. To spur growth in the industry, the government has decided to support the industry by imposing an excise tax on the importation of bagged cement.”


Germany: Cemex Deutschland has partnered with recycling service provider Alba to construct a new biochar production facility at its Rüdersdorf cement plant in Brandenburg. Named ALCE, the project will utilise biogenic waste to produce biochar, aiming to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from cement production. This initiative is part of the Carbon Neutral Alliance, targeting carbon neutral cement production at Rüdersdorf by 2030.


Tanzania/Kenya: Tanzania-based Amsons Group has made a significant US$180m bid to acquire the entire stake of Kenya's Bamburi Cement. The group said on 11 July 2024 that it has made a binding offer with Bamburi Cement, according to The East African newspaper. The offer includes a premium of 44.4% over Bamburi's last closing share price.

Managing Director of Amsons Group, Edha Nahdi said "We have great plans to deepen our investment in Kenya and in Bamburi. Our offer to acquire shares in Bamburi is part of our corporate market expansion plan and will mark the formal entry of Amsons Group into the Kenyan market, where we plan to make investments in other industries in the coming months."


Mexico: Cementos Moctezuma recorded a 20.8% increase in revenues to US$1.1bn in 2023, according to its 2023 Integrated Annual Report. During the same period, the company invested more than US$37.2m in active projects, producing more than 7Mt of cement. The company also reported an earnings before interest, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) of US$500m.

CEO José María Barroso said "2023 represented the opportunity to achieve continuous improvement in administrative, technical and commercial aspects, as well as through strategic alliances; all focused on cost reduction and sustainable efficiency."


South Korea: South Korean cement manufacturers recently convened at an event hosted by the Korea Cement Association and the Korea Industry Alliance Forum to discuss how to achieve carbon neutrality. The industry currently faces financial challenges in upgrading equipment due to low cement prices. However, it has achieved a 20% decrease in greenhouse gas emissions per tonne of cement since 2014, aided by the use of alternative fuels and investment in energy efficiency. The Korean government now requires that greenhouse gases be cut by 12% by 2023 from 2018 levels by 53% by 2050.

The industry currently uses post-consumer plastics as fuels instead of fossil fuels and incorporates byproducts from other industries, like sludge. However, some environmental groups have labelled cement made from industrial byproducts as ‘garbage cement’ claiming it contains hexavalent chromium levels more than four times the EU’s allowable limits. The use of plastics as alternative fuel has also sparked complaints from local waste collection and incineration companies, who argue that cement companies are taking away their business.

Professor Kim Jin-man from Kongju National University said "We also need to focus on developing high-performance clinker, advanced chemical admixtures for concrete, and accelerators that shorten concrete curing times."


Ukraine: The Ukrainian cement industry, represented by the Ukrcement Association, is urging the government to revise the recent changes in electricity import regulations under martial law. Following the increase from a 30% EU electricity import requirement to 80%, mandated by Resolution No. 661 on 1 June 2024, the industry faces heightened costs and technical challenges due to limited border crossing capacities.

The association said "Given that cement production is energy-intensive and it is the main component for military and civilian construction, we ask the Ukrainian government to return to the previous 30/70 proportion. This proportion will ensure reliable energy supply to industrial enterprises of Ukraine, which will help maintain the current pace of economic recovery in Ukraine in the face of military aggression by the Russian Federation."

The industry's proposals to mitigate the situation include reducing the minimum import share to 50%, enhancing interstate crossing capacities and revising the distribution of mandatory imported electricity purchases.


Italy: NovaAlgoma, a joint venture between the Italian-Swiss Nova Marine Carriers and Canada's Algoma Central Corporation, has announced the construction of the ‘world’s largest and greenest’ cement carrier, weighing 38,000t. This vessel will be built by Xinle Shipbuilding in China and delivered by the end of 2026. It will reportedly be the first to use both traditional fuel and methanol and can connect to electrical grids in ports to eliminate emissions, according to local news reports. Additionally, it will feature a waste heat recovery system that converts exhaust gases into 250kW of electrical energy.

Vincenzo Romeo, CEO of Nova Marine, said "This new construction, which meets the forecasts for the development of our fleet and the growth of cement market demand in the coming years, is intended to consolidate our positioning among the global leaders in cement transportation.”


India: A boiler explosion at UltraTech Cement’s Jaggaiahapet cement plant has reportedly killed two people. Venkatesh Avula and Arjun Paritala were working at the plant on the afternoon of 7 July 2024 when the disaster occurred. The New Indian Express newspaper has reported that 14 others workers sustained serious injuries.

District Collector Srijana Gummalla said that a preliminary inquiry indicated the cause of the blast to be a gas leak due to high pressure. She said “A detailed probe has been launched to ascertain the reasons behind the incident. Officials will carry out a thorough investigation and submit the report. Based on the report, necessary action will be taken against the factory management.”