Global Cement Newsletter

Issue: GCW673 / 21 August 2024

Headlines


A couple of stories have popped up this week regarding restrictions on cement imports. First, authorities in Taiwan have launched an anti-dumping investigation into Vietnamese cement. Secondly, and perhaps more surprisingly given its growing economy, the authorities in Kyrgyzstan are planning to ban overland imports of cement from within Central Asia. More on that later…

First, to the Far East, where Taiwan’s Trade Remedies Authority has launched an anti-dumping investigation into cement and clinker imported from Vietnam. It will assess imports covering the year from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024 and target seven specific Vietnamese cement producers among others. The Vietnamese companies are mandatory respondents – they will be compelled to answer investigators’ questions.

Vietnamese cement has long been among the cheapest in the region due to the country’s drive to hit production targets, rather than simply meeting demand. The situation has resulted in a vast amount of cement available for export. This, coupled to Vietnam’s long, indented coastline, makes it easy to ship cement overseas.

Even with export volumes falling by 1.2% year-on-year to 31.3Mt in 2023, around a third of Vietnam’s capacity, this is a massive volume of cement - and it’s only getting cheaper. The average export value of Vietnamese cement and clinker fell from US$46-48/t at the start of 2023 to just US$31-32/t in May 2024, a decline of 30-35%. These changes have been due, in part, to an increase in tax on clinker exports from 5% to 10% on 1 January 2023 and an anti-dumping investigation launched by the Philippines in March 2023. Falling prices and volumes represent a ‘double-whammy’ for producers, several of which have announced that they made losses in the first half of 2024. Vicem’s top management said that challenges also arose at home due to a reduced demand following limited civil engineering projects and a stagnant real estate market.

It is easy to see why Taiwanese cement producers may feel threatened by the prospect of greater volumes of cheap cement on their doorstep. Taiwan only made 4.9Mt/yr of cement in the first half of 2024. With domestic prices in the region of US$65-70/t according to Cement Network, this provides a very attractive margin of US$33-39/t for Vietnamese producers to export to Taiwan. It will be interesting to see how far the country’s authorities are willing to go to protect the country’s producers and whether any anti-dumping policies lead to further falls in the landed volumes of Vietnamese cement.

Meanwhile, 4600km to the west, Kyrgyzstan has announced that it will enforce a six-month road import ban on several types of cement including Portland cement, alumina cement and slag cement. The ban, affecting both cement and clinker, will take effect on 1 October 2024 and last for six months. According to the State Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan, the country saw a 76% year-on-year increase in cement imports – mainly from Iran, Kazakhstan, China and Uzbekistan - between January 2024 and May 2024. The total import volume over the five months was 125,737t. For a country that made just 1Mt over the same period, this is a major change.

The overland import ban is more of a surprise than the Taiwan / Vietnam situation, as Kyrgyzstan recently reported that the North of the country was experiencing a ‘construction boom’ and cement shortages. However, two new plants due to start production in the coming months could help the country out... unless it too would like to export its newly-developed cement production capacity.

And here we arrive at a ‘classic’ impasse. From Pakistani cement in South Africa, to price arguments in West Africa, import bans in Central Asia and Vietnamese cement in Philippines and Taiwan, more and more exporters are finding that their markets are already self-sufficient in cement, with the US perhaps the notable exception. Soon there will be nowhere left for cement to be exported to. Are we at peak cement?


Rwanda: Kenya-based National Cement subsidiary Cimerwa has announced the appointment of Mangesh Verma as its CEO. He succeeds James Oduor, who oversaw the company’s acquisition by National Cement and its acquisition of Prime Cement.

Verma previously served as general manager commercial and operations for Kenya-based food producer United Millers. He previously occupied management positions in various companies in Kenya and India. He has an MBA from Dr RML Avadh University and a bachelor’s in Botany, Zoology and Chemistry from the University of Allahabad, both in India.


Australia: Zeolite, kaolin and metakaolin producer Zeotech has appointed James Marsh as its new CEO, effective from 9 September 2024. Current CEO Scott Burkhart will then transition to chief operating officer. The appointment is intended to support Zeotech’s entry into large-scale production of high reactivity metakaolin for use in cement and concrete.

Marsh is a director of Australian Kaolin. He previously worked as executive director sales and marketing at Andromeda Metals, after holding managerial roles at multiple minerals companies. He has a bachelor’s degree in Chemistry and Physics from the University of the West of England, UK.

Managing Director Peter Zardo said "James' technical experience in the industrial mineral and cement industries, especially metakaolin, will be pivotal in accelerating Zeotech's goal of becoming a significant supplier of premium supplementary cementitious materials. Queensland-based leadership is critical to achieving the Company's objectives as we ramp up work programmes and industry engagement, and James will play an essential hands-on role in executing Zeotech's strategy."

James Marsh said "I'm excited to join Zeotech at a crucial stage of the company's strategy, where I can utilise my experience and connections to make it a significant player in decarbonising the construction industry."


Switzerland: Holcim has entered a partnership with Kibag and Oxara for the production and distribution of Oxacrete Oulesse, a cement-free binder developed by Oxara. This new product reportedly aims to supply up to 10% of Switzerland's annual concrete market. Oxacrete Oulesse is made with materials from deconstruction, offering a low-carbon alternative to traditional cement.


Kenya: Mombasa Cement will build a 20MW power plant at its Vipingo plant in Kilifi County, to help reduce energy costs. The US$19.4m project will generate 10MW of electricity using a waste heat recovery system and 10MW from solid fuels. The waste heat will be recovered from flue gases emitted during cement production. The plant has two clinker production lines. The power generated will be used onsite to support cement production.


India: JSW Cement plans to more than double its cement grinding capacity from 20.6Mt/yr to nearly 41Mt/yr. The expansion involves six new greenfield units in Rajasthan, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Odisha and Maharashtra, and a brownfield unit in Vijayanagar; Karnataka, adding 20.25Mt/yr. The company also aims to increase its clinker production capacity from 6.44Mt/yr to 13.04Mt/yr. The new facilities in Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh will each contribute 3.3Mt/yr to this expansion. In its offer document, JSW Cement stated that it sees potential in ‘green’ cement products like ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and plans to expand its presence in northern and central India.


Philippines: James Hardie has shut down its HardieFlex fibre cement board plant in Cabuyao, Laguna, ending over two decades of operations. The company will cease all commercial operations in the Philippines in the coming months.


Türkiye: Türkiye’s global cement exports declined by 9% to US$2.1bn during the first half of 2024, according to a statement from the Ministry of Trade. In June 2024, exports dropped by 18% to US$336.5m. However, Türkiye's cement exports to Azerbaijan remained steady at US$24.8m during the first half of 2024. In June 2024, exports to Azerbaijan rose by 16.5% year-on-year to US$3.5m. Since the first half of 2023, Türkiye exported cement products valued at US$4.3bn.


Philippines: First Gen will supply electricity from geothermal sources to Holcim Philippines plants in Mindanao. Under the agreement, First Gen subsidiary Energy Development will provide 22% of the energy needs for Holcim's manufacturing facilities in Bunawan, Davao City, and Lugait, Misamis Oriental. This partnership is enabled by the Mindanao introduction of the retail competition and open access programme, allowing significant power consumers to select their electricity suppliers. Earlier in August 2024, Holcim announced an electricity supply agreement with Alsons Power to supply 80% of the energy needs for the two facilities.

First Gen president and chief operating officer Francis Giles Puno said "We are pleased to partner with Holcim Philippines to grow viably while decarbonising. It's not an easy journey to decarbonise and provide for a regenerative future. This requires collaboration not just through supplying power, but also through solutions that maximise and optimise electricity requirements and working to find a pathway towards net zero."


US: Fortera has raised US$85m in a funding round to increase its production of ‘low to zero-carbon’ cement, Bloomberg reports. New investors include Wollemi Capital, Saint-Gobain venture capital arm NOVA, Presidio Ventures and Alumni Ventures, alongside existing investors Khosla Ventures and Singapore state fund Temasek.

The startup, valued at US$355m, utilises a technology that captures CO₂ emissions from traditional cement production and converts them into a mineral form for low-carbon cement. Fortera's first industrial ‘green’ cement plant operates at CalPortland's facility in Redding, California.


India: JSW Cement has filed an offer document with the Securities and Exchange Board of India for an initial public offer (IPO) of US$477m, according to NewsBytes. The IPO includes an equal split of fresh issue and offer-for-sale, each valued at US$239m. The funds will be used partly to finance a new integrated cement plant in Nagaur, Rajasthan, with US$95.5m allocated for this purpose, and US$86m used to reduce its existing debt, which stood at US$696m as of March 2024.


Egypt: Sinai Cement recorded a reversal in consolidated net profits from net losses of US$1.63m in the first half of 2023 to US$13.3m in the first half of 2024. Sales rose from US$48.3m to US$55m in 2024. The company reported an increase in standalone profits, from previous losses of US$1.5m in 2023 to US$659m as of 30 June 2024. However, net sales declined from US$48.3m in 2023 to US$31m in the first six months of 2024. For the quarter ending 31 March 2024, Sinai Cement achieved consolidated net profits of US$6.17m.


Thailand: The Ratanarak Group, through its subsidiary Sunrise Equity, has increased its stake in Siam City Cement to 71.88% by acquiring a 25.54% share from Singapore-based Jardine Cycle & Carriage for US$354m. This move consolidates the Ratanarak Group's position as the sole major and controlling shareholder.


Malaysia: Borneo Cement Sabah (BCS) is set to commence land works and forest clearance in Tongod district starting early September 2024, following the approval of its site preparation plan by the Sabah Department of Environment on 19 July 2024.

The Borneo Post reports that the cement plant will be fully automated and digitally controlled, with a conveyor used for the 3km stretch between the clinker quarry and the cement processing plant. The project will cost US$274m and will see a new road network spanning 26km from Kampung Matiku, Nabawan to the plant site at Kampung Kayawoi, with additional facilities like a dam and water treatment plant being developed and other facilities for use by local residents.

The first phase of the contract is expected to last a year, with factory operations anticipated to begin as early as January 2026.


Bahamas: Cementos Argos has supplied nearly 10,000t of cement, accounting for 85% of the total required for the construction of Disney Cruise Line's new 700m-long pier at Lighthouse Point on Eleuthera Island. The project cost US$250m and is part of expansion plans to accommodate over one million visitors annually. Cement was sourced through the company’s exports from Puerto Rico between 2022 and 2024.


India: Ambuja Cement has announced the completion of its acquisition of Penna Cement Industries Limited, acquiring a 100% stake in the company. The deal, first approved by Ambuja’s Board of Directors on 13 June 2024, has effectively made PCIL a subsidiary of Ambuja Cement from 17 August 2024. The company did not provide further details on the operational or financial impacts of this acquisition.


Kyrgyzstan: Starting on 1 October 2024, Kyrgyzstan will enforce a six-month road import ban on several types of cement including Portland cement, alumina cement and slag cement, according to Trend. The Chairman of the Cabinet of Ministers, Akylbek Japarov, signed the decree affecting both ready and clinker forms of these cements. According to the State Statistical Committee of Kyrgyzstan, a 76% year-on-year increase in cement imports from January - May 2024 has been reported, totalling 125,737t. These imports are predominantly from Iran, Kazakhstan, China and Uzbekistan.


China: Eaton and Langham hotels have collaborated with Green Island Cement to transform 8t of oyster shells into a sustainable cement alternative, sourcing 80% of the required limestone for cement.

Amie Lai Gor, general manager of sustainability at Great Eagle Holdings, parent company of the two hotels, said "We brought together like-minded partners to repurpose oyster shells as a sustainable raw material alternative for cement production. Our goal is to encourage more hotels and restaurants to participate, diverting more discarded oyster shells from landfills through upcycling.”

Raymond Cheung Wai-man, division manager at Green Island Cement, highlighted past challenges of separating the shells from impurities like mud and residual meat, which initially deterred the project.

Lai Gor added that future plans include working with local universities to assess the carbon reduction potential of substituting limestone with oyster shells in cement production. Despite the higher costs—tenfold compared to traditional limestone—Cheung believes that scaling up could significantly lower expenses.


Ukraine: CRH Ukraine has announced plans to purchase a 99.9775% stake in Dyckerhoff Cement Ukraine, which operates two cement plants in the Rivne and Mykolayiv regions, according to Business World Magazine. The notification was made public on 12 August 2024, detailing the acquisition of over 158 million shares. Currently, CRH and its affiliates do not hold any shares in Dyckerhoff Cement Ukraine.


Philippines: Thailand-based producer Shera announced that its upcoming fibre cement plant in Mabalacat, Pampanga, has reached 60% completion and is on schedule to commence commercial operations by January 2025. The plant will be the company’s first production facility outside Thailand, capable of producing 0.24Mt/yr of fibre cement. The Mabalacat facility will also export to Taiwan, South Korea and parts of North Asia and Oceania and will create jobs for up to 150 people.

Ongek Taechamahaphant, chair and director, said “Our Mabalacat plant is a major step in Shera’s plan to expand further in the Philippine market. We know that once this facility is fully operational by 2025, more Filipinos will easily be able to access our eco-friendly and durable fibre cement products.”


Philippines: Cemex has received approval from the Philippine Competition Commission (PCC) to sell 90% of Cemex Holdings Philippines's shares. The approval relates to a joint acquisition by DMCI Holdings, Semirara Mining and Power and Dacon of shares in Cemex Asian South East Corporation, which holds a major stake in Cemex Holdings Philippines. This clearance is a requirement for finalising the transaction, contingent on further compliance by the acquiring companies.


Vietnam: Taiwan has launched an anti-dumping investigation into cement and clinker imported from Vietnam. The Trade Remedies Authority of Vietnam announced that Taiwan's inquiry, initiated on 8 August 2024, focuses on cement and clinker with the import codes 2523.29.90.00.2 and 2523.10.90.00.3, requested by the Taiwan Cement Manufacturers Association. The investigation will assess imports from 1 July 2023 to 30 June 2024, targeting seven specific Vietnamese companies, among other exporters. The Vietnamese companies are mandatory respondents in this investigation and must engage fully by submitting the required information to the Ministry of Finance within the stipulated 20 days from initiation of the investigation.


Vietnam: Several Vietnamese cement producers have reported losses in the first half of 2024, attributing the downturn to reduced domestic demand and competitive pricing pressures, reports Vietnam Investment Review. Vicem But Son recorded losses of US$1.5m in the second quarter of 2024, marking its seventh consecutive quarter of losses, with a 2024 first half revenue figure of US$50m, down by 10%, and total losses reaching US$3.83m. Vicem Hai Van also continued its decline, with a 43% drop in second quarter revenue to just over US$4m and losses of US$396,000. Vicem leaders said that challenges arose due to a reduced demand following limited civil engineering projects and a stagnant real estate market.

Despite the sector's overall downturn, firms like Vicem Ha Tien and Chinfon have recorded profits, with Ha Tien posting US$141m in revenue and US$875,000 in profits, and Chinfon doubling its yearly profit to US$25,250. However, the outlook for the remainder of 2024 remains bleak, with anticipated difficulties in market recovery and increasing input costs. Acoording to Vicem, the cost of electricity will continue increasing, while the demand for cement is not anticipated to recover before the end of 2024.


US: Heidelberg Materials North America has finalised award negotiations with the US Department of Energy's (DOE) Office of Clean Energy Demonstrations. The Mitchell cement plant in Indiana will receive US$300,000 to begin the first phase of its decarbonisation project, part of a broader initiative of up to US$500m in DOE funding to support full-scale carbon capture, transport and storage developments. The Mitchell cement plant has tripled its previous production capacity, with this project aiming to capture and process about 2Mt/yr of CO₂.

Chris Ward, president and CEO of Heidelberg Materials North America, said "This critical milestone of bringing our project under award with the US Department of Energy is a significant step in building the first full-scale application of carbon capture and storage for the cement industry in the US.”


Denmark: FLSmidth has reported a 23% decline in group revenue for the second quarter of 2024. Despite the decline, gross profit rose by 5% to US$233m from US$221m in the same period in 2023. The cement division experienced a revenue decrease of 32%, though it achieved an adjusted earnings before interest, tax and amortisation (EBITA) margin of 9.6%.

Group CEO Mikko Keto said "Our performance in the first half of 2024 is testament to our continued strong progression across all our key transformation activities, with additional improvements in profitability. The largely stable cement market continues to provide good opportunities for our service business. Looking ahead, the resilience of our service-oriented business model, our continued focus on business simplification to ensure a cost-efficient operating model and our dedicated focus on strategy execution gives us great confidence that we are well on track to meet our long-term financial ambitions."


Latvia/Lithuania: Capsol Technologies has won a contract to carry out two CapsolGo carbon capture demonstration campaigns at the Brocēni cement plant in Latvia and the Akmenės Cementas cement plant in Lithuania. Both plants are owned by Germany’s Schwenk Zement. Following a feasibility study earlier in 2024, the demonstrations will run from the fourth quarter of 2024 to the fourth quarter of 2025 and will showcase the CapsolEoP capture technology.

Philipp Staggat, chief product officer of Capsol Technologies, said "CapsolEoP offers lower energy consumption with higher CO2 concentration than competitive technologies, and the capture cost for cement owners is reduced further as it doesn't require external steam supply. We are looking forward to demonstrating our technology on Schwenk's cement plants.”

CEO of Akmenės Cementas, Arturas Zaremba added "In collaboration with our clients and stakeholders, we are dedicated to addressing these challenges. The implementation of CapsolEoP technology at our Latvian and Lithuanian plants is a testament to our commitment, marking a significant stride towards the goal of capturing over 1.5Mt/yr of CO₂.”


Mexico: A second industrial byproducts processing line has been inaugurated at the Cemento Cruz Azul plant in Tepezalá, Aguascalientes. The new facility, which cost US$8.5m, will create 100 jobs and convert over 66,000t/yr of post-consumer materials into energy for the cement plant's processes.

Víctor Manuel Velázquez Rangel, president of the board of directors of Cooperativa Cruz Azul, said "This is the result of joint work, teamwork and a shared vision with the State Government, which has always been concerned about the carbon footprint, sustainability and the environment. With this project we leave testimony of our great commitment and demonstrate that innovation and technology can go hand in hand with the preservation of the environment."


Canada: Canada-based carbon capture, utilisation and storage (CCUS) company Carbon Upcycling has been admitted to the Portland Cement Association (PCA). This new membership aims to support industry efforts to achieve carbon neutrality. The US Department of Energy previously announced over US$1.2bn in funding for PCA member companies to launch decarbonisation projects under recent federal initiatives. Carbon Upcycling has been developing a commercial CCS system at CRH’s cement plant in Mississauga.

PCA president and CEO Mike Ireland said "We are thrilled to have Carbon Upcycling join us as a member of the PCA, given our shared commitment to sustainability. Their efforts are helping the cement industry increase circularity and advance the industry's commitment to achieving carbon neutrality."

CEO of Carbon Upcycling Apoorv Sinha said "The most effective and credible pathway to decarbonising the cement industry is through strategic partnerships and collaboration with long-time industry leaders in the infrastructure sector. Joining the PCA underscores our commitment to advance sustainable practices and substantially reduce carbon emissions. We look forward to forging a low-carbon, resilient future with our fellow members."