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Vicat’s plans to buy another 42% stake in Sinai Cement became public this week. Once completed, the France-based company should own 98% of the Egyptian company, based on previously published ownership figures. The announcement heralds a rapprochement in the relationship between the cement producer and the Egyptian government.

Last year Vicat raised a case against the government with the International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID) over an argument about how it could invest in Sinai Cement as a foreign company. All seems forgiven and forgotten now with a settlement agreement signed in March 2022 between Rania el Mashat, the Minister of International Cooperation on behalf of the Egyptian government, and Guy Sidos, the chairman and chief executive officer of Vicat Group. Local press reported that the government is trying to attract more direct foreign investment. Sinai Cement reported a loss attributable to its parent company of around US$19.1m in 2021, down from a loss of US$30.3m in 2020. However, its sales rose by 63% year-on-year to US$78m.

Sinai Cement has some specific operating issues related to its geographic position in the Sinai Peninsula and ongoing security concerns. Yet its mixed fortunes also sum up some of the continuing challenges the Egyptian cement industry is facing. After years of overcapacity, the government introduced reduced cement production quotas in July 2021 and this is mostly perceived to have improved prices in the second half of the year. Vicat described the arrangement as having capped the local market at 65% of its production capacity and it said that prices recovered ‘significantly’ as a result in the second half of 2021. Cemex’s regional chief Carlos Gonzalez told local press that the move had given plants “A glimmer of hope for the return of balance to the cement market.” The company has also announced a US$20m local investment backing up this view. Not all the foreign multinational companies entirely agreed, with HeidelbergCement reporting a ‘sharp’ decline in sales volumes although chief executive officer Dominik von Achten did describe the country as ‘coming back’ in an earnings call about his company’s financial results in 2021. Solomon Baumgartner Aviles, the chief executive officer of Lafarge Egypt, was also cooler about the production cap in a press interview in October 2021, describing it as too early to assess how well the cap was working and noting that the gap between supply and demand was still large.

Vicat said in its annual report for 2021 that, “Provided no further adverse geopolitical, health or security developments occur, the current climate is unlikely to jeopardise the prospects of an improvement in the subsidiary’s profitability, which should begin to gradually occur.” The geopolitical bit was timely given that Russia’s war in Ukraine started on 24 February 2022. It also targets the latest problem hitting Egyptian cement producers: energy costs. The head of Arabian Cement told Enterprise Press that initially some producers had opted to temporarily stop production and use stocks instead to attempt to try and wait until the energy price volatility ended. However, it stayed high so the cost of cement has gone up generally. Producers are now trying to switch to using a high ratio of natural gas, such as 10%, but this is dependent on the government letting them.

The Egyptian government, for its part, is facing a decision whether to supply subsidised gas for domestic industry or to export to Europe. The backstory here is that Egyptian cement producers are facing yet another step change in fuel supply. In the mid-2010s lots of plants switched from heavy fuel oil and gas to coal. High international coal prices could be heralding another change.

Alongside this the value of Egypt’s cement exports rose by 151% year-on-year to US$456m in 2021 from US$182m in 2020. The Cement Division of the Federation of Egyptian Industries has attributed this to growth mainly on the African market. This trend continued in January and February 2022 with cement exports up by 141% year-on-year to US$104m from US$43m. The main destinations were Ghana, Cameroon, Ivory Coast and Libya.

HeidelbergCement summed up the current state of the Egyptian cement market in its 2021 annual report as follows “The development of the Egyptian cement market continues to be determined by government intervention.” What happens next is very much in the hands of the state as it decides whether to extend the production cap, which fuels to subsidise, whether to allow exports and where to invest in infrastructure projects. One variation on this theme may be local decarbonisation targets. At the end of March 2022 the Global Cement and Concrete Association (GCCA) launched a series of Net Zero Accelerator initiatives, including one in Egypt. How a country that produces more cement than it needs reduces its CO₂ emissions presents another challenge for manufacturers and the government to grapple with.

Taiwan: Taiwan Cement has appointed Emerson Chang appointed as its Chief Information Security Officer. Chang became a director of Taiwan Cement in 2020. Prior to this he worked as the Information Technology (IT) Infrastructure Manager for consumer electronics company Compal Communication for over 10 years.

Nigeria: Joseph Oyeyani Makoju, former managing director of Dangote Cement and advisor to Aliko Dangote, died in hospital in Abuja on 11 April 2022 whilst suffering from a heart condition. He was 73 years old, according to the Daily Independent newspaper. Makoju, an engineer by training, also served as a Special Advisor for Electrical Power under the former Nigerian President Goodluck Jonathan.

Following a career in the Nigerian power sector, Makoju worked internationally for Shell-BP, Blue Circle Cement in the UK and for West Africa Portland Cement Company (WAPCO), part of Lafarge. He joined Dangote Cement in 2009 as Special Advisor to Aliko Dangote and was subsequently promoted to chief executive officer / Group Managing Director in April 2018. He retired from the company in January 2020.

Kazakhstan: Steppe Cement recorded rising revenues in the first quarter of 2022 due to stronger cement volumes and higher prices during the period. The manufacturer posted sales revenue of US$14m in the three months to 31 March 2022, up by 29.6% year-on-year from US$10.8m in the first quarter of 2021.

Sales volumes rose by 6% to 281,968t from 266,007t, while average prices for delivered cement also climbed. Exports from Kazakhstan fell by 50% as new factories opened in Uzbekistan. Imports into Kazakhstan, predominantly from Russia, increased from 6.5% to 8% of the market.

Steppe Cement estimates that Kazakhstan's cement market demand will stay at 11 - 12Mt in 2022 but added that there was is a high degree of uncertainty due to the ‘geopolitical situation’ in the region.

India: HeidelbergCement India has commissioned a 5.5MW solar power plant in its mining area located in Damoh, Madhya Pradesh. The mining operations and clinker plant at Damoh have started receiving electricity from the plant. The solar plant is expected to generate 10GWh/yr, replacing electricity purchased from the grid.

Brazil: The Brazilian cement market closed the first quarter of 2022 with a decline in sales year-on-year, according to data from the Brazilian National Cement Industry Association (SNIC). This was in part due to strong rains that affected parts of the country in January and February 2022. In March 2022, however, there was some recovery, with a 0.3% year-on-year increase in sales, to 5.53Mt.

Between January and March 2022, 14.8Mt of cement were shipped within Brazil, compared to 15.2Mt in the same period in 2021, a fall of 2.6%. Total sales, which include exports, totalled 14.91Mt, a 2.2% contraction compared to 15.25Mt in the same quarter of 2021.

SNIC said that the sector’s March 2022 performance had been bolstered by real estate projects, although this was not expected to continue. According to SNIC head Paulo Camillo Penna, self-construction, an important inducer of cement consumption, continues to slow down due to high unemployment

Russia: Akkermann Cement, a subsidiary of USM Holding, has acquired Kaluzhsky Tsementny Zavod (Kaluga Cement Plant) for US$111m from state development corporation VEB.RF. VEB.RF provided a loan for construction of the plant in 2011 but the borrower was acknowledged bankrupt in 2018, according to Prime News. The plant is not yet fully built, but it is anticipated that the 3.5Mt/yr facility will create 400 jobs when commissioned.

“The asset is good,” said Akkermann Cement’s managing director Alexander Ivanov. “The dry process is one of the most efficient and budget-friendly technologies for production of cement, but the conclusion of the plant’s construction will need additional investment.”

Germany: Mexico-based Cemex has joined a consortium with Sasol EcoFT and Enertrag that plans to use CO₂ and hydrogen to produce aviation fuel. The project is part of Cemex’s Future in Action program and is part of its plan to develop a carbon neutral operation at its Rüdersdorf cement plant by 2030. The consortium will source green hydrogen generated from wind and solar energy from Enertrag. The CO₂ will come from the Rüdersdorf cement plant, which will provide 100t/day CO₂ in the project’s initial stages. Sasol will then contribute its technology to produce e-kerosene, which, once certified, can be blended to constitute up to 50% of jet fuel.

The Rüdersdorf carbon neutral alliance includes over 20 start-ups, universities, companies from other industries and authorities working to develop industrial-scale solutions achieve the first carbon-neutral cement plant in the world.

Enertrag is a renewable-energy company based in Brandenburg. It operates utility-scale integrated energy plants in 10 countries. Its plants produce electricity and green hydrogen from wind and solar sources.

Sasol EcoFT is part of Sasol Group. It uses its technology to produce sustainable fuels and chemicals from green hydrogen and sustainable carbon sources, via the Power-to-Liquids process.

Taiwan: Ta-Ho Maritime has announced its decision to buy a new cement carrier. The subsidiary of Taiwan Cement said that the investment cost would be up to US$50m. The bulk shipping company transports dry bulk commodities around the world, including cement. Its fleet consists mostly of ‘Kamsarmax’ sized ships and cement carriers with a total deadweight upwards of about 700,000t. It operates five dedicated cement carriers, two of which use alternate maritime power (AMP) that are used to reduce pollution.

US: Titan America plans to spend around US$37m towards expanding its Norfolk terminal in Chesapeake, Virginia. The plans at the terminal, run by subsidiary Roanoke Cement Company, include building a 70,000t dome, enlarging truck and railway capacity and enabling the site to import and distribute raw materials such as fly ash, slag and aggregates. At present the unit has a bulk storage capacity of 35,000t. Titan says that the upgrade will enable it to meet growing demand for its products in the Mid-Atlantic region. The project also follows a similar investment in a 70,000t dome currently under construction at Titan's import terminal in Tampa, Florida.

"The major expansion and modernisation of these two marine terminals is another important step toward meeting fast-growing demand for our products and services in critical infrastructure, commercial and residential projects in our communities," said Bill Zarkalis, president and chief executive officer, Titan America.

The dome and associated expansion projects are scheduled for completion in 2023.