Displaying items by tag: GCW659

Before Russia invaded mainland Ukraine on 24 February 2023, many predicted that full-scale conflict would be averted. When the attack began, Russian President Vladimir Putin himself expected a 10-day war, according to think tank RUSI. 15 May 2024 marks two years, two months and three weeks of fighting, with no end in sight.

Ukrcement, the Ukrainian cement association, recently published its cement market data for 2023, the first full year of the war. The data showed domestic cement consumption of 5.4Mt, up by 17% year-on-year from 4.6Mt in 2022, but down by 49% from pre-war levels of 10.6Mt in 2021. In 2023, Ukraine’s 14.8Mt/yr production capacity was 2.7 times greater than its consumption, compared to 1.4 times in 2021. Of Ukraine’s nine cement plants, one (the 1.8Mt/yr Amwrossijiwka plant in Donetsk Oblast) now lies behind Russian lines. Four others sit within 300km of the front line in Eastern and Southern Ukraine. Among these, the 4.4Mt/yr Balakliia plant in Kharkiv Oblast, the largest in the country, first fell to the Russians, but was subsequently liberated in September 2022.

Before the war, Ukrcement’s members held a 95% share in the local cement market. Their only competitors were Turkish cement exporters across the Black Sea, after the Ukrainian Interdepartmental Commission on International Trade successfully implemented anti-dumping duties against cement from Moldova and now-sanctioned Belarus and Russia in 2019. Since then, Turkish cement has also become subject to tariffs of 33 – 51% upon entry into Ukraine, until September 2026. The relative shortfall in consumption has led Ukraine’s cement producers to lean on their own export markets. They increased their exports by 33% year-on-year to 1.24Mt in 2023, 330,000t (27%) of it to neighbouring Poland.

Russia’s invasion has made 3.5m Ukrainians homeless and put the homes of 2.4m more in need of repair. In a report published in Ukrainian, the US Agency for International Development (USAID) set out its three-year rebuilding plan for the country. USAID projects an investment cost of €451bn, with the ‘main task’ besides homebuilding being to increase the share of industrial production in the economy. Ukraine is 90% equipped to produce all building materials required under the plan. Their production, in turn, will create or maintain 100,000 jobs and US$6.5bn in tax revenues. Reconstruction will also involve the Ukrainian cement industry returning to close to full capacity utilisation, producing 15 – 16Mt/yr of cement.

CRH, an established local player of 25 years, looks best set to claim a share of the proceeds. Stepping down an order of magnitude from billions to millions, Global Cement recently reported CRH’s total investments in Ukraine to date as €465m. Since war broke out, the company has more than tripled its rate of investment, to €74.5m. The Ireland-based group is in the protracted administrative process of acquiring the Ukrainian business of Italy-based Buzzi. If successful, the deal will raise its Ukrainian capacity by 56%, to 8.4Mt/yr – 57% of national capacity. This unusual clumping of ownership may be made possible by the participation of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development in partly acquiring the assets, as per a mandate letter signed with CRH in 2023.

Leading Ukrainian cement buyer Kovalska Industrial-Construction Group bemoaned the anticipated increase in market concentration. On the one hand, this sounds like a classic tiff between cement producers and users with shallow pockets. On the other hand, an antebellum allegation of cement industry cartelisation should give us pause for thought. Non-governmental organisation The Antitrust League previously reported Ukraine’s four cement producers to the government’s Anti-Monopoly Committee for alleged anticompetitive behavior. This was in September 2021, when Ukraine was barely out of lockdown, let alone up in arms. With all that has happened since, it may seem almost ancient history, yet the players are the same, CRH and Buzzi among them.

Ukrcement and its members have secured favourable protections from the Trade Commission, and, for whatever reasons, evaded the inconvenience of investigation by the Anti-Monopoly Committee – a state of affairs over which the Antitrust League called the committee ‘very weak.’ The league says that producers previously raised prices by 35 – 50% in the three years up to 2021. In planning a fair and equitable reconstruction, Ukrainians might reasonably seek assurance that this will not happen again.

All these discussions are subject to a time-based uncertainty: the end of the war in Ukraine. A second question is where the finances might come from. The EU approved funding for €17bn in grants and €33bn in loans for Ukraine on 14 May 2024. Meanwhile, countries including the UK have enacted legislation to ensure Russia settles the cost of the conflict at war’s end. If Ukraine achieves its military aims, then the finances may flow from the same direction as did the armaments that demolished Ukrainian infrastructure in the first place.

The first piece of Ukraine annexed by Russia was Crimea in February 2014, making the invasion over a decade old. Against such a weight of tragedy, the country cannot lose sight of the coming restoration work, and of the need to ensure that it best serve Ukrainians.

Switzerland: Holcim has appointed Marco Maccarelli as its Director of Central and Eastern Europe. He will succeed Simon Kronenberg in the post in June 2024, according to the 24 Heures newspaper. The position includes the responsibility of head of Holcim Schweiz.

Maccarelli is currently working as the CEO of Holcim Colombia. Prior to this, he worked for Holcim Mexico first as Director Innovation and Commercial Development and later as Director Cement Sales & Retail. He has worked for Holcim for over 15 years and holds more than 20 years’ experience in the construction sector.

Canada: Lafarge Canada and Geocycle Canada have successfully completed a pilot at the Lafarge Brookfield cement plant in Nova Scotia to produce clinker using recycled minerals from discarded material. This pilot can potentially cut CO₂ emissions by 60% of clinker. The new clinker product will be used to produce recycled cement in 2024.

CEO of Lafarge Canada David Redfern said "Our teams have been tirelessly working towards finding solutions to decarbonise our business in Canada. This new recycled-minerals clinker combines operational excellence with circular construction, building new and green from what is considered old and waste. This is a great example of how far we can go - the local team at Brookfield is certainly setting the tone for the industry in Canada."

Since May 2023, Lafarge Canada, Geocycle Canada and the Holcim Group Innovation Centre have been collaborating on a 100% circular production of clinker at the Brookfield plant. The new production method involves substitution of raw materials with lower carbon options from discarded materials, as well as alternative fuels produced from these materials. The trial was performed in February 2024 and cement from this clinker will be produced in 2024 for further testing and development of the technology.

Brazil: Votorantim Cimentos reported a significant decrease in net profit to US$3.3m in the first quarter of 2024, down from US$15.2m in the same period last year. Despite a 1% increase in cement sales volume to 8.1Mt, net revenue fell by 6% to US$1bn, primarily attributed to the inflation of the Brazilian real. The company's adjusted earnings before inflation, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) remained stable at US$149m.

In Brazil, revenue stayed level at US$585m, though EBITDA dropped by 6%. North American operations saw a 7% decline in revenue, impacted by lower sales volumes and adverse exchange rates, with EBITDA at US$3.3m, improving from a US$9.2m loss in the first quarter of 2023.

US: Cemex has entered an off-site renewable energy agreement for its Clinchfield Cement Plant with Georgia Power, securing about 25% of its power from solar facilities throughout the state, starting in 2025. The plant will offset roughly 10,000t/yr of indirect CO₂ emissions, contributing to a 58% reduction target in Scope 2 GHG emissions from its 2020 levels by 2030.

Senior Vice President of Cemex US Ernesto Felix said "Embracing solar power not only accelerates our own aggressive sustainability goals but also sets a powerful example for the entire industry. By integrating renewable energy solutions through Georgia Power, Cemex paves the way for a greener, more resilient future for generations to come."

India: Shree Cement recorded a net profit of US$80m for the quarter ending 31 March 2024, up by 21% year-on-year from US$65m. The company's net revenue also rose by 7% to US$610m during the same period, compared with US$573m in 2023. Operating expenses decreased by 3% year-on-year to US$472m.

Japan: Taiheiyo Cement recorded a profit of US$276m for the financial year ending March 2024, following a loss of US$212m in 2023. Sales significantly increased to US$5.7bn. Domestic demand for cement is stable due to urban redevelopment projects and the construction of new logistics facilities. On the other hand, rising costs and delays to construction work and longer construction periods due to a shortage of workers resulted in output declining by 7.3% year-on-year to 34.6Mt.

Looking ahead to the 2025 financial year, Taiheiyo Cement expects a 43% year-on-year rise in net profit to US$396m and anticipates sales to grow by 8.3% year-on-year to US$6.1bn.

Sweden: Peab has entered a product delivery agreement with Stockholm-based start-up CemVision, starting from 14 May 2024. CemVision has developed a cement that reportedly reduces CO₂ emissions by over 95% compared to traditional cement, by replacing limestone and fossil fuels with refined industrial waste and renewable energy. Over the next few years, Peab will use CemVision's ultra-low carbon cement for various projects, including infrastructure, water treatment, foundation work and prefabricated concrete.

Oscar Hållén, CEO of CemVision, said “We are thrilled to be able to deliver our product to Peab. We see that green cement has become crucial for entire industries to be able to meet their climate commitments. The demand is already enormous and all forecasts indicate that it will only increase.”

India: JK Cement reported a net profit of US$28.1m for the quarter ending 31 March 2024, up by 47.5% year-on-year from US$19.2m. Net revenue increased by 23.3% to US$352m in January – March 2024, compared to US$285m in the same period in 2023. Operating expenses for the quarter rose by 18.2% to US$286m from US$242m in 2023.

Türkiye: Türkiye's cement exports to Azerbaijan dropped by 10.5% in January - April 2024, to US$16m, compared to the same period in 2023. In April 2024, exports to Azerbaijan fell by 16% to US$4.1m, according to the Turkish Ministry of Trade. Türkiye's global cement exports decreased by 8% to US$1.4bn from January to April 2024. Cement exports in April 2024 experienced a 9.2% year-on-year decline, to US$339m. From April 2023 – April 2024, Türkiye's total cement exports were valued at US$4.5bn.