Displaying items by tag: US

Demand for heavy building materials in the UK dropped in the first quarter of 2025, with ready-mix concrete sales reaching a new 60-year low.¹ In an update last week, the UK’s Mineral Products Association (MPA) attributed the decline to existing economic headwinds, compounded by global trade disruptions, reduced investor confidence and renewed inflationary pressures.

Major infrastructure projects – including the HS2 high-speed railway in the English Midlands, the Hinkley Point C nuclear power plant in Somerset and the Sizewell C nuclear power plant in Suffolk – failed to offset delays and cancellations by cash-strapped local councils to roadwork projects. Residential construction, meanwhile, is ‘slowly but steadily’ recovering from historical lows, amid continuing high mortgage rates since late 2024.

The most interesting part of the MPA’s market appraisal was its warning of ‘new risks emerging in the global economy.’ These concern the new tariffs raised by the US against its import partners. The possible consequences, the MPA says, imperil the UK’s supply chains, construction sector and growth.

Of particular immediacy is the threat of imports into the UK from countries that previously focussed on the US market. The MPA said that the industry ‘cannot compete’ against increased low-cost, CO₂-intensive imports. It named Türkiye, which sends around 6.9Mt/yr of cement and clinker to the US, as a key threat. Türkiye became subject to the blanket 10% ‘baseline’ tariff on 2 April 2025.

The MPA probably didn’t have a particular company in mind when it said this. However, it bears noting that Turkish interests gained a share of UK cement capacity in October 2024, when Çimsa acquired 95% of Northern Ireland-based Mannok. Besides the Derrylin cement plant (situated on the border between Fermanagh, UK, and Cavan, Ireland), Mannok operates the Rochester cement storage and distribution facility in Kent, 50km from London. The facility currently supplies cement from Derrylin to Southern England and the Midlands. It could easily serve as a base of operations for processing and distributing imported cement and clinker from further afield.

Meanwhile in South West England, Portugal-based Cimpor is building a €20 – 25m cement import terminal in the Port of Bristol. The company is subject to 20% tariffs on shipments to the US from its home country. Its parent company, Taiwan Cement Corporation, is subject to 32% US tariffs from Taiwan.

But the plot thickens… On 8 May 2025, the UK became the first country to conclude a trade agreement with the US after the erection of the new tariff regime, under which the US$73bn/yr-worth of British goods sold in the US became subject to a 10% tariff.² The latest agreement brought partial relief for an allied sector of UK cement: steel. 180,000t flowed into the US from the UK in 2024.³ In 2024, the UK exported 7120t of cement and clinker to the US, up by a factor of 10 decade-on-decade from just 714t in 2014, all of it into two US customs districts, Philadelphia and New York City.⁴

In what may be one of the first true ‘Brexit benefits,’ UK cement exporters now ‘enjoy’ a US tariff rate half that of their EU competitors, notably those in Greece. Like the UK’s more modest volumes, Greece’s 1.82Mt/yr-worth of cement and clinker exports stateside also enter via the US’ eastern seaports, at New York City, Tampa and Norfolk. Given the overlaps in ownership between the Greek and UK cement sectors, it is conceivable that optimisation of cement export flows across Europe may already be under discussion.

On 6 May 2025, the UK and Indian governments announced a trade deal that will lift customs duties on almost all current Indian exports to the UK. UK MPs are still seeking clarifications as to whether this will include industrial products that might be dumped.⁵ Theoretically, the threat from an oversupplied and fast-growing cement industry like India’s could be existential to the UK cement industry.

As the UK invests heavily in its future, including with the HyNet Consortium, imports pose a major threat. Given enough time, the UK could develop a leading position in the decarbonisation space. Will it have enough time? Existential threats certainly add a sense of jeopardy.

References
1. Mineral Products Association, ‘Weak start to 2025 for building materials sales amid growing economic headwinds,’ 6 May 2025, www.mineralproducts.org/News/2025/release16.aspx

2. HM Government, ‘UK overseas trade in goods statistics November 2024,’ 16 January 2025, www.gov.uk/government/statistics/uk-overseas-trade-in-goods-statistics-november-2024/uk-overseas-trade-in-goods-statistics-november-2024-commentary

3. UK Steel, ‘US 25% tariffs on UK steel imports come into effect,’ 12 March 2025, www.uksteel.org/steel-news-2025/us-25-tariffs-on-uk-steel-imports-come-into-effect

4. United States Geological Survey, ‘Cement in December 2024,’ January 2025, https://d9-wret.s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com/assets/palladium/production/s3fs-public/media/files/mis-202412-cemen.pdf

5. Welsh Liberal Democrats, ‘UK-Indian Trade Deal: Government Refuses to Answer Whether it Has Conceded on Cheap Indian Steel Imports,’ 6 May 2025, www.libdems.wales/news/article/uk-indian-trade-deal-government-refuses-to-answer-whether-it-has-conceded-on-cheap-indian-steel-imports

Switzerland/US: Holcim’s shareholders have approved all proposals at the group’s annual general meeting in Zug, Switzerland. A key proposal was the planned spin-off of the producer’s North American business as US-based Amrize. Holcim will now make a special distribution of one Amrize share for every Holcim share. Amrize shares are due to list on the SIX Swiss Exchange the New York Stock Exchange as AMRZ from June 2025.

Holcim says that over 99% of voters favoured the spin-off proposal.

US: The US Department of Energy may end the Industrial Demonstrations Program that aims to decarbonise hard-to-abate industries like cement, placing up to US$6bn in federal grants at risk, according to Canary Media. This includes an eventual US$500m in Heidelberg Materials North America’s Mitchell cement plant carbon capture project in Indiana. The project is reportedly at risk after 'significant' staff cuts at the Department of Energy.

The senior vice president of sustainability and public affairs for Heidelberg Materials North America, David Perkins, said that the company was ‘uncertain’ and that ‘coordination and communications [had] changed’. He added that the company is still submitting reports for the grant to the Department of Energy and exploring alternative funding sources.

Stop press! The Portland Cement Association (PCA) has renamed itself as the American Cement Association (ACA).

Speaking to the audience at the IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Cement Conference taking place this week in Birmingham, Alabama, ACA president Mike Ireland said that the new name better represents its members, from the Atlantic seaboard to the Pacific coast. He added that the old name, the PCA, had caused the association confusion over the years with it being mistaken as only representing Portland, Oregon, or Portland, Maine.

This follows comments from Ireland to Global Cement Magazine in April 2024. At that time he also mentioned how changing levels of production of ordinary Portland cement (OPC) compared to blended cements had suggested a rethink. Surveys were then sent out by the PCA asking people what they thought about in connection to the association and which name suggestions they liked. A year or so later and the new name has arrived. Thankfully the PCA didn’t determine the name by public ballot alone, thereby avoiding the risk of a joke name. Readers wondering about this can remind themselves about the time the UK Natural Environment Research Council ran a website survey asking what a new polar research ship should be called. The vessel was eventually called the RRS Sir David Attenborough rather than the internet’s choice of Boaty McBoatface!

Global Cement Weekly also reflected upon the point Ireland made about the change in the blends of cement being used. The adoption of Portland Limestone Cement (PLC) production in the US contributed to the rise in blended cements shipments. United States Geological Survey (USGS) data shows that shipments of blended cements more than doubled from 26Mt in 2022 to 61Mt in 2024. This compares to shipments of OPC of 41Mt in 2024. This change appears to have been mostly accepted so far, but it is not without its detractors. For example, take this campaign promoting a return to traditional Type I and II cements on ‘performance’ grounds.

As for the US cement market, USGS data shows that shipments of Portland and blended cement fell by about 13% year-on-year to 11.8Mt in the first two months of 2025 from 13.8Mt in the same period in 2024. This was for both domestic shipments and imports. Most of the cement companies that have so far released first quarter financial results for 2025 reported poor weather adversely affecting sales. Holcim noted that sales improved in March 2025. Cemex blamed its lower sales volumes of cement and ready-mixed concrete on the period having one less working day compared to 2024. CRH pointed out in its analysts’ presentation that the first quarter of the year is typically the smallest of the four in terms of sales volumes. The really interesting data may start to emerge in the second and subsequent quarters, as the markets and supply chains start to react to current US trade policy. At the time of writing, widespread tariffs on many countries were announced at the start of April 2025 but then subsequently paused for 90 days.

The American Cement Association has a new name for the 21st Century. The PCA has served it well as a name for over 100 years, but now seems a good time for a change. Whether the future is one of blended cements, carbon capture, a return to OPC or whatever else remains to be seen. Yet the future of construction in the US looks set to involve plenty of cement. There are sure to be challenges along the way. Here’s to the next 100 years.

US: The Portland Cement Association has changed its name to the American Cement Association (ACA). ACA president and CEO Mike Ireland made the announcement at the IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Conference 2025, which took place in Birmingham, Alabama. The association will begin launching the new brand identity in June 2025.

“The most important reason for the name change is that in recent years, US cement manufacturers have expanded the types of materials they produce beyond Portland cement, working to develop more lower-emission cements in an effort to decarbonise the industry and increase domestic cement manufacturing capacity. The name ‘Portland Cement Association’ no longer accurately reflects the modern mindset of today’s manufacturers, or the materials they currently produce,” said Ireland.

Lower-emissions cement consumption has grown more than tenfold since 2021 and now accounts for more than 60% of total cement consumed in the US, according to the ACA. In 2024, all 50 state Departments of Transportation approved the use of Portland limestone cement (PLC). PLC reduces the carbon footprint of projects by up to 10%.

Ireland added “Additionally, the rebranding makes it clear that we are a national association that speaks for cement manufacturers across the country.”

The association’s new slogan will be ‘Sustainable Cement for Resilient Concrete’, which ‘summarises the industry’s commitment to staying the course with [the ACA’s] Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality’, according to ACA vice chair of the board Monica Manolas.

US: France-based Fives Group has launched new subsidiary Fives FCB USA in Alabama to supply the North American market with low clinker blended cement and supplementary cementitious material production equipment and services. Products being promoted include the FCB Horomill, the FCB TSV Classifier and the FCB Rhodax. The unit will share premises with Fives’ North American Construction Services company.

Deputy general manager Alain Cordonnier said “The opening of our subsidiary in the US marks a significant milestone for Fives FCB. We are excited to bring our innovative technologies and expertise to the US market, and we look forward to building strong partnerships with local industry leaders.”

US: Queens Carbon has secured US$10m in seed funding to scale up production of its novel cement and supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs). The start-up will build a 2000t/yr demonstration plant at strategic partner Buzzi Unicem USA's Stockertown, Pennsylvania, cement plant. The plant will demonstrate Queens Carbon’s low-energy Q-Reactor technology, which employs novel hydrothermal chemistry, with the help of steam and pressure, to combine standard cement feedstocks into carbon-neutral hydraulic cement and SCMs. The company’s flagship product, Q-SCM, is capable of replacing up to 50% of cement in concrete mixes. Queens Carbon says that it will now also begin preparations for its first full-scale commercial plant.

Buzzi Unicem USA was among investors in the seed funding round, led by Climate technologies investor Clean Energy Ventures, with participation from fellow venture capital firm Plug and Play.

Queens Carbon CEO Daniel Kopp said "With support from Clean Energy Ventures, Buzzi Unicem USA and the US Department of Energy, we're building next-generation technology and assembling the creative talent needed to drive industry revenues to move cement innovation forward and significantly reduce CO₂ emissions from cement production, all without a green premium."

Luigi Buzzi, Chief Technology Officer at Italy-based Buzzi, said "We know that achieving our goal of net-zero carbon emissions by 2050 demands forward-thinking solutions to enhance both our operations and our environmental performance.”

US: Eco Material Technologies has announced the opening of the Blissville Rail Terminal in Queens, New York. The new terminal will enable Eco Material to distribute approximately 50,000t/yr of fly ash from its national network to support local infrastructure projects in the New York metro area. The terminal will utilise rail transportation to deliver fly ash and cementitious materials, which the company says can replace up to 25% of carbon-intensive Portland cement in standard concrete mixes, with Eco Material's technologies reportedly allowing for up to 100% replacement in select applications.

"The opening of the Blissville Terminal is a major step in our efforts to expand access to low-carbon cement alternatives in all major metro areas, " said Grant Quasha, CEO of Eco Material Technologies. "By strengthening our presence in New York, we can better serve future infrastructure projects with innovative materials that reduce reliance on traditional Portland cement and imported steel slag.”

US: CRH has appointed Nancy Buese as its chief financial officer (CFO). She will be based in New York. She succeeds Alan Connolly in the post, who was working as interim CFO. Connolly will return to his previous role as Director of Strategic Finance in May 2025.

Buese previously worked as Executive Vice President and CFO at Baker Hughes Company and Newmont Corporation. She has also served as Executive Vice President and CFO at MarkWest Energy Partners and MPLX and was a partner at Ernst & Young. She is a graduate of the University of Kansas.

US: Titan America has appointed Jason Morin as the president of its Florida-based division. He succeeds Randy Dunlap in the post. Dunlap will continue to work for Titan America as Executive Director, Growth & Strategy.

Morin started his career in the cement sector when he joined Holcim in 2001. He held the roles of production manager, plant manager, Vice President of Environmental & Government Affairs and Vice President of Manufacturing for the company. He joined Summit Materials’ Continental Cement division in 2015. Then in 2021 he became the CEO of Black Mountain Sand, where he worked until 2023. After this he founded Rearden Advisors, a consultancy providing industrial clients with advisory services in the areas of operational excellence and strategic mergers and acquisitions. Prior to 2021, Morin was an officer in the US Army and worked for General Electric in strategic sourcing and operations leadership roles. He holds a bachelor’s degree from Clarkson University in engineering and management and a master’s of business administration from Missouri State University.

Titan America’s Florida Business Unit includes the Pennsuco cement plant and adjacent aggregate plant, as well as 40 ready-mix concrete plants, three quarries, eight concrete block plants, two fly ash plants, along with rail and marine import terminals.