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Take a moment to spy on the Citeureup cement plant in Indonesia. It's gargantuan! The Indocement site is one of the largest cement factories on the world. It has nine production lines with a cement production capacity of 11.9Mt/yr.

The news this week that Indocement intends to stop production at three cement production lines at its Citeureup plant strikes an uncertain tone. The decision underpins the impression of a readjusting Indonesian cement market despite the HeidelbergCement subsidiary saying that the capacity will be replaced by a new 4.4Mt/yr line at the site at the end of 2015. Temporarily reducing production capacity by 35% may not seem much on a industrial site that can produce more cement than many countries! However, a single factory this massive is likely to be particularly vulnerable to market changes.

Zooming out to the national picture, Indocement reported that its revenue dropped by 6.6% year-on-year for the first half of 2015. Domestic sales volumes of cement fell by 8.1% as domestic cement consumption in the country generally fell by 4.2%. The cement producer blamed the falls on economic stagnation and delayed government spending on infrastructure projects.

In its outlook Indocement lamented the loss of subsidies on electricity and fuels in Indonesia. Back in 2014 the government raised electric prices via a tariff under the previous administration before lowering them slightly. Then the new government raised fuel prices in November 2014 by removing subsidies with the intention of siphoning the savings to infrastructure spending. At the time a Semen Indonesia representative told the Jarkata Post that he expected cement sales to rise by 6% in 2015. This estimate had already followed a downward adjustment of predicted sales in 2014 due to familiar sounding delays in infrastructure projects (due to an election year) and a slowing economy.

In addition to this the government also imposed price cuts on cement on state-run producers in January 2015. Semen Indonesia then saw its domestic sales volumes fall by 5.3% in January – May 2015 to 9.91Mt. Subsequently Semen Indonesia saw its net profit drop by 21% year-on-year to US$163m for the first half of 2015. Around a month before its mid-year results it reported to local media that it was concentrating on exports in 2015. Reported exports have risen by over 700% to 0.18Mt in January – May 2015. Other producers such as LafargeHolcim have also reported 'challenging' market conditions. Nationally, cement demand dropped by 3.8% year-on-year to 22.9Mt for the first five months of 2015 according to Indonesian Cement Association data. This was the biggest fall since 2009.

All in all it sounds like the good times may be gone for the Indonesian cement industry, at least for now. The local economy as a whole is in a recession following two consecutive quarters of declining growth in gross domestic product (GDP). Yet cement producers are still forlornly hoping for infrastructure spending to kick in. Throw in worries about the effects of a US interest rate rise on Indonesian borrowing and the situation is looking dicey. Indocement's Citeureup complex may seem even more outsized in a year's time.

UPDATE:  A reader has pointed out that we linked the aerial photo at the start of this article to the smaller of the two cement plants in the area. This has now been changed. Note the trucks queuing to enter the plant.

Europe: Cemex has signed an agreement for the sale of its operations in Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia.

Its assets in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia will be sold to Duna-Dráva Cement (HeidelbergCement) for approximately Euro231m. The assets mainly consist of three cement plants (approximately 1.66Mt of cement sold in 2014), two aggregate quarries (approximately 0.16Mt of aggregates sold in 2014) and seven ready-mix plants (approximately 0.25Mm³ of ready mix sold in 2014). Cemex's operations in Croatia, including Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro and Serbia had net sales of approximately Euro124m in 2014.

Its assets in Austria and Hungary will be sold to Rohrdorfer Group for approximately Euro160m. The Austrian operations consist of 24 aggregate quarries (approximately 6.47Mt of aggregates sold in 2014) and 34 ready-mix plants (approximately 1.60Mm³ of ready-mix sold in 2014). Cemex's operations in Austria had net sales of approximately Euro217m in 2014. The Hungarian operations being divested consist of five aggregate quarries (approximately 1.36Mt of aggregates sold in 2014) and 34 ready-mix plants (approximately 0.46Mm³ of ready-mix sold in 2014). Cemex's operations in Hungary had net sales of approximately Euro42.2m in 2014.

The proceeds obtained from the transactions will be used mainly for debt reduction and for general corporate purposes. The closing of the transactions is subject to the satisfaction of standard conditions for this type of transaction, which includes authorisation by regulators. Cemex currently expects to finalise the transactions during the fourth quarter of 2015.

Indonesia: Cement sales for the first seven months of 2015 have continued to decrease. Weak demand, in addition to the Eid al-Fitr holiday period, caused national cement sales for July 2015 to fall by 4.2% year-on-year to 31.3Mt.

Regions with the largest cement consumption drop for July 2015 were Bali and Nusa Tenggara, which saw a 26.5% drop to to 214,540t, Kalimantan with a drop of 23.6% to 208,939t, Java with a 13.9% decrease to 1.79Mt and Sumatra with a drop of 3.3% to 726,000t.

Widodo Santoso, chairperson of the Indonesian Cement Association, is optimistic that cement sales and consumption will increase in the second half of 2015 as the government starts actualising its budget to boost the infrastructure sector. Santoso said that the cement industry would gain 11Mt/yr of additional production capacity from the operation of four new plants from Semen Bosowa, Holcim Indonesia, Semen Merah Putih, Semen Jawa and Semen Conch. The additional cement supply and weakening of cement demand may cause oversupply in the cement industry and create higher competition.

Meanwhile, Semen Indonesia has revised its domestic cement sales growth target to 0% from the initial target of 5%, in line with weak demand in the cement market in the first half of 2015. Agung Wiharto, corporate secretary of Semen Indonesia, said that unsupportive macroeconomic conditions, depreciation of the Indonesian Rupiah and the weakening of commodity prices affected the company's sales for the first semester. Its sales volume for the first half of 2015 decreased by 4.2% year-on-year.

"Semen Indonesia's sales volume in several regions was affected by tight competition with new players and new plants," said Wiharto. He added that he expects the domestic cement market to improve in the third quarter of 2015, in line with actual infrastructure developments to boost cement demand in the private and retail sectors. "Cement sales are expected to again grow by 6 - 8% in 2016 if infrastructure developments continue." Semen Indonesia plans to resume several cement plant expansion projects in Rembang and Padang to meet cement demand growth in the future. The plants in Rembang and Padang will each have capacities of 3Mt/yr.

New Zealand: A controversial new US$50m dome-shaped silo for storing cement has been inflated on Auckland's waterfront in New Zealand.

The state-of-the-art 28m-high silo holds 30,000t of cement and is located at a Ports of Auckland site on the corner of Plumer and Quay Streets, opposite Vector Arena. The dome's outer skin is made of a membrane similar to that used to build the Cloud on Queens Wharf. Consent to build the silo was granted on a non-notified basis, meaning the public did not have a say, angering groups concerned about the port's growing footprint on the waterfront.

Holcim New Zealand country manager Glenda Harvey said that the storage dome signalled a major milestone for the company. Holcim is investing US$100m to build two 30,000t new storage facilities in Auckland and Timaru as part of its business strategy of global sourcing for supply into the New Zealand market. The Auckland terminal will provide effective access to the major market of the greater Auckland and upper North Island while the terminal in Timaru would provide effective distribution to the whole of the South Island market and lower North Island.

"The project falls within the existing port operations and the company has all the approvals required," said Harvey. "We continue to work closely with the Ports of Auckland and the Auckland Council to ensure all regulatory requirements are met. We have contacted residents and businesses in the nearby vicinity of the new terminal in Auckland around the timing of the dome going up, as part of our commitment to keep them informed." Holcim hopes to have the terminal fully operational by the end of 2016.

UK: Axion Polymers has invested significantly in new laboratory and testing facilities to ensure consistent quality of its solid recovered fuel (SRF) products and to satisfy the stringent standards of its technical end markets.

It has installed a laboratory-scale furnace at its large-scale processing facility, Shredder Waste Advanced Processing Plant (SWAPP), in Trafford Park, Manchester to enhance accurate measurement and testing of the physical and thermal properties of its Axfuel® SRF 30, an alternative fuel used by the cement industry, among others.

Axion has also recruited a quality control team working within ISO 9001 operating procedures to conduct in-house product testing, including analysis on critical aspects such as SRF calorific value and chemical composition. Samples are sent on a weekly basis to external laboratories for further testing and verification.

Derived from automotive shredder residue, Axfuel SRF 30 is a sub 30mm-sized mixture of textiles, fibre-fluff, plastic, foam and rubber, with a gross calorific value of 18 - 22MJ/Kg and available in large tonnages.

"We have made this important investment because alternative fuels from waste need to be treated as a product, not as a waste. If SRF is to deliver the fuel benefit and meet the technically-demanding specifications of our end markets, it has to be of consistently high quality so customers can buy with confidence," said Axion director Roger Morton. "By operating within strict quality controls, we can ensure our reliable supply of SRF is produced to exceptionally high standards. As this fuel is sourced from end-of-life vehicles, giving it a second life as an alternative high-energy feed is going to be an attractive option for companies who want to demonstrate their environmental credentials."

Somalia/Oman: Raysut Cement is in the process of setting up a subsidiary firm, Barqaaqo Cement Company, to supply cement mostly to Somalia through a newly built terminal there. Raysut Cement will have 51% stake in the newly-formed Barwaaqo Cement Company.

China: China Resources Cement's net profit fell by 25.6% year-on-year to US$242m in the first half of 2015.

Zambia: Some 47 employees at Zambezi Portland in Ndola have been laid off while a further 63 are earmarked for retrenchment. The redundancies are due to reduction in business volume at the cement company, which is now faced with stiff competition from the newly commissioned Dangote Cement plant.

Zambezi Portland Cement operations director Danielle Ventriglia confirmed the retrenchment and said that the affected workers had been paid US$308/each in benefits. Ventriglia said that the retrenchments were necessitated by economic reasons and that the company would maintain a lean workforce. He added that the company was also working towards reclaiming the market share and had reduced its cement price significantly. Another 63 workers are expected to be retrenched in the next six weeks and the company would retain a workforce of 340 employees.

Philippines: Holcim Philippines will invest up to US$40m to expand its production capacity from 8Mt/yr to 10Mt/yr target by the end of 2016.

Holcim Philippines president and CEO Eduardo A Sahagun said that the company was gearing up to improve its facilities in Calaca and Mabini in Batangas, as well as in Norzagaray in Bulacan. Sahagun said that the newly-acquired Star terminal of Lafarge Republic would also increase its production capacity.

"We are reviving a lot of projects. Our Calaca plant is easily adjustable to additional volume as well as the Mabini plant and the Star terminal. The Star terminal could double our capacity. Cement demand is growing and we have no option but to raise our supply," said Sahagun. He expects to see surging market demand due to new public-private partnership (PPP) projects and as more infrastructure major players in the country have announced expansion plans.

"The market prospects remain bright as construction activity is expected to continue," said Sahagun. He attributed the growth to higher private construction activities and accelerated government infrastructure spending.

"Our investment in plant upgrades allows our plants to run longer before scheduled maintenance activities. This will pay off in the current market environment as we are able to meet the demands of customers," Sahagun added.

Germany: Lafarge's assets in Germany, which were recently sold to Ireland's CRH as part of the LafargeHolcim merger, have been rebranded by CRH as 'Opterra.' The assets include two integrated cement plants and one grinding plant.