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The other shock news from the US last week was LafargeHolcim’s poor cement sales volumes in North America so far in 2016. HeidelbergCement’s third quarter financial results followed and they give us an opportunity to compare the fortunes of the world’s two largest cement producers either side of a high profile merger.

Graph 1 - Changes in cement sales volumes for LafargeHolcim, HeidelbergCement and selected European multinational producers in the first three quarters of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 (%). Data labels are the volumes reported in 2016. Source: Company reports.

Graph 1 shows the effect of HeidelbergCement’s completion of its acquisition of Italcementi in mid-October 2016. Now that the purchase is complete its sales volumes have taken a whopping 20% boost to 73Mt. LafargeHolcim by comparison is struggling to hold sales. Although do note the difference in sales volumes between the two largest cement producers in the world. LafargeHolcim has sold nearly 2.5 times the amount of cement as HeidelbergCement so far in 2016.

Graph 2 - Changes in sales revenue for LafargeHolcim, HeidelbergCement and selected European multinational producers in the first three quarters of 2016 compared to the same period in 2015 (%). Data labels are the sales reported in 2016. Source: Company reports.

The point to take away from Graph 2 is the huge difference turbulent currency exchange rates are having on the financial returns of these companies. Like-for-like reporting of sales revenue hasn’t helped LafargeHolcim to grow but it is making a big difference to the sales of Cemex and Vicat.

Focusing on LafargeHolcim, the group has had a tough time of it so far in 2016 with falling cement sales volumes and falling sales revenue year-on-year on both a straight comparison basis and like-for-like one. Like many European cement producers negative currency effects have plagued its financial reporting. However, unlike many of its European-based competitors its like-for-like sales figures have also declined.

Particular problems have been noted in Nigeria as well as Brazil, Indonesia and Malaysia. It has managed to keep its profit indicators such as earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) mostly rising through the first three quarters of 2016 on a like-for-like basis. Yet, to give an idea of the effect fuel supply problems had in Nigeria in the third quarter of 2016 on the group’s entire bottom line, excluding Nigeria from its results would have seen its adjusted operating EBITDA rise significantly. With regard to the rest of the world, cement sales volumes have fallen in every one of the group’s territories so far in 2016 including, worryingly, its North America region. Here, falling cement sales volumes have been blamed on delays to infrastructure projects and bad weather.

By contrast, HeidelbergCement has reported rising sales revenue and profit indicators such as earnings before interest and taxation (EBIT) although its profit has fallen. Most of the good financial cheer has been derived from the new Italcementi assets although most of its territorial cement sales revenues have grown even when the effects of the new purchase have been excluded. The exception has been Africa where the group mentioned problems in Ghana due to local competition and imports.

The comparison between the world’s largest European-based cement producers is stark. LafargeHolcim made a big show of announcing the merger between Lafarge and Holcim in mid-2015. Today it is battening down the hatches as its tries to claw profit from asset sales and synergy savings. HeidelbergCement almost casually announced that it had finalised its acquisition of Italcementi in October 2016 and it has proceeded to rack up the profits at its first subsequent financial report. However, HeidelbergCement may be waiting for the regulators to finish approving parts of the deal before it makes a final announcement. For example, the Federal Trade Commission only approved the sale of various US assets on 15 November 2016. Meanwhile, the credits ratings agencies passed their own judgement when Standard & Poor upgraded its rating of HeidelbergCement earlier this week.

LafargeHolcim remains a much larger company than HeidelbergCement despite the problems it is facing so provided it can keep the investors happy it should be fine as its whittles itself down to a more sustainable shape. To this end the Swiss press has been speculating whether chief executive officer Eric Olsen will announce job cuts and plant closures at an investors meeting on 18 November 2016.

Germany: Jens Michael Wegmann is standing down as CEO of Thyssenkrupp’s Industrial Solutions division with immediate effect and leaving the company. Wegmann accepted a golden bracelet for his wife from a Pakistani business partner, according to Reuters.

“I made a mistake which I greatly regret and I am now paying the consequences. I realise that my conduct in my dealings with a sales partner was not in line with Thyssenkrupp’s values and that I can no longer credibly drive the necessary changes at Industrial solutions. For this reason I am standing down as CEO of Thyssenkrupp Industrial Solutions – irrespective of legal issues and the findings of the on-going internal investigation. I would like to wish all employees the very best for the future and every success in the continuing implementation of the transformation,” said Wegmann in a statement.

Stefan Gesing, chief financial officer of Industrial Solutions, will assume Jens Michael Wegmann’s duties and serve as chair of the business area board on an acting basis. The group will decide on a permanent successor in a structured process.

US: The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) has approved an application from HeidelbergCement and Italcementi to sell the Essroc cement plant in Martinsburg, West Virginia, eight cement terminals in the mid-Atlantic region and related assets to Argos USA, a subsidiary of Cementos Argos. The divestiture was required by the FTC’s August 2016 final order settling charges that the US$4.2bn merger of HeidelbergCement and Italcementi would be likely to harm competition in five regional markets for cement in the US. The Commission vote to approve the divestiture was 3-0.

India: LafargeHolcim has increased its shareholding in Ambuja Cement and ACC via its subsidiary Holderind Investments. It now owns 63% of Ambuja Cement’s shares and 4.5% of ACC’s shares. The group will pay for the additional stakes in Indian Rupees. The impact on LafargeHolcim’s net debt will be Euro302m. It described India as one of LafargeHolcim’s key markets with solid long-term fundamentals and a clear potential for further improvement in business performance.

South Africa: PPC has reported update on projects in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Ethiopia. In the DRC it said that engineering, procurement, and construction (EPC) contract work from Sinoma is complete and overall the cement plant it is building is 90% complete. Power infrastructure is being built at present and hot commissioning at the site will start once this is in place. Sales of cement are scheduled to start in February 2017.

In Ethiopia the cement producer has planned to commission its 1.4Mt/yr Habesha plant in the second quarter of 2017. Plant construction is reported as ‘progressing well’ with overall project progress above 80%, civil construction 94% complete, mechanical erection at 66% and 95% of equipment manufactured and delivered to site. The project has a budget of US$180m.

France: Sherpa and the ECCHR (European Centre for Constitutional and Human Rights), as well as 11 complainants who are former Syrian employees of Lafarge, are taking legal action against Lafarge and its subsidiary Lafarge Cement Syria (LCS) for its actions in Syria. The non-government organisations have accused the cement producer of conducting business with the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria (ISIS), a terrorist group, via its Jalabiya cement plant.

“The Lafarge case highlights once again how multinationals doing business in conflict zones can directly fuel armed conflicts and contribute to grave human rights violations committed therein. Companies like Lafarge must be held accountable,” said Miriam Saage-Maaß, Vice Legal Director at ECCHR.

Sherpa and the ECCHR have accused LCS of entering into arrangements with ISIS in order to maintain production, by paying for passes issued by the jihadist organisation and buying raw materials necessary for cement production such as oil and pozzolana in areas under ISIS’s control. They have also accused Lafarge of reckless endangerment given that the plant continued to operate in the conflict zone. LCS repatriated its expatriate staff in 2012 but it kept its Syrian employees working at the site. Subsequently, when the plant was attacked, Sherpa and the ECCHR say that the local employees were forced to escape on their own.

Thailand: Siam Cement has ordered a LM 56.3+3 CS vertical roller mill from Loesche for its cement plant in Kaeng Khoi. The mill will produce medium-fine cement qualities and is designed for grinding clinker, gypsum and limestone. The cement producer previously ordered a LM 56.3+3 CS mill from Loesche for its Ta Luang cement plant in 2014.

Zimbabwe: PPC Zimbabwe has commissioned its 0.7Mt/yr cement grinding plant in Msasa. The plant was built by China’s Sinoma International for a cost of US$85m.

At a tour of the plant PPC Zimbabwe managing director, Kelibone Masiyane complained about the cost of electricity in the country compared to its neighbours. “If you go to Zambia, they charge US$0.06 and we are setting up a plant in Ethiopia, where they charge about US$0.03. As such, competing in other countries will be difficult for Zimbabwe. Transporting cement from Botswana is quite expensive, so we are hoping that the plant will help with that,” he said in comments reported by the News Day newspaper. He added that the cost of electricity in Zimbabwe is US$0.15. Ideally PPC Zimbabwe would like to export cement to Malawi, Zambia and Mozambique.

Indonesia: Holcim Indonesia has officially inaugurated its new 1Mt/yr cement terminal in South Lampung. The event was attended by the Vice Regent of South Lampung Regency, Nanang Hermanto, the representatives of the Ministry of Industry and the Board of Directors of Holcim Indonesia. The US$26m project was started in 2014 and it will process bagged and bulk cement. It is intended to serve markets in Sumatera Island, especially in Lampung.

“We want to get closer to our customers and ensure secure supply to meet local demand in Lampung. This terminal applies the latest technology and environmental-friendly equipment and a jetty to support the operation,” said Gary Schutz, President Director of Holcim Indonesia.

Schutz also addressed the country’s economic slowdown and decreasing demand for cement by calling for the government to invest in delayed infrastructure projects. He said that numerous additions to the national cement production capacity has led to a ‘drastically’ over-supplied market outpacing demand by far for the next six to 10 years.

India: ACC has revealed that an appeal by cement producers to the Competition Appellate Tribunal (COMPAT) against a fine imposed by the Competition Commission of India in August 2016 for alleged cartel activity has succeeded in negotiating the terms of the penalty. The COMPAT has ordered that the producers deposit 10% of the US$1bn fine in a similar manner to that of a fine levied in 2012. That fine was eventually dropped in 2014 with the CCI citing a lack of evidence.

Fines totalling US$1bn were levied on ACC, ACL, Binani, Century, India Cements, JK Cement, Lafarge, Ramco, UltraTech, Jaiprakash Associates and the Cement Manufacturers Association in late August 2016 for alleged cartelisation activity.