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Data is starting to emerge about how the Chinese cement industry has coped with the economic effects of government action regarding the coronavirus. National cement industry output fell by 29% year-on-year to 150Mt in the combined months of January and February 2020. Output then picked up to 149Mt in March 2020, a drop of 17% compared to March 2019. These are massive figures, larger than the annual output of most countries, but they give some idea of what shutting down economies does to demand for cement and concrete.

Graph 1: Year-on-year change in cement output in China, April 2018 - March 2020. Source: National Bureau of Statistics of China. Note that accumulated data is issued for January and February each year so these months show a mean figure.

Graph 1 above gives the general picture of changes in cement output in China over the last couple of years. Growth fell in early 2018 as the government implemented its supply-side reforms, including measures such as industry consolidation and peak shifting. This improved in the second half of the year and throughout 2019. January and February output has been steady for the last few years, possibly due to peak shifting, but this year the trend was massively more pronounced. In March 2020, meanwhile, output fell by 17% compared to a rise of 17% in 2019. On the demand side, reporting from the Chinese Cement Association reveals that national infrastructure investment (excluding electricity) decreased by 19.7% year-on-year in the first quarter of 2020. National real estate development investment fell by 7.7% to US$310bn.

The figures above are for the whole of China whilst the outbreak was centered in Wuhan in Hubei province. The government implemented its toughest public health measures in this city and the surrounding Hubei province, with other regions using social distancing and tracking methods to various degrees. The Chinese Cement Association explains that, once other cities in Hubei province were released from lockdown, construction projects were allowed to resume but that progress was limited due to a lack of workers. Three weeks after measures were relaxed, the average shipping rate for cement producers was only 60% in these outer regions. In Wuhan the situation was more stark with demand for cement at only 20% of expected levels at the time the lockdown ended on 8 April 2020. Data from the Hubei Cement Association reports that on 30 March 2020 only half of Hubei province’s 57 clinker production lines were producing cement. The rest were suspended. To compound the problems here once logistics networks started to reopen imports of cement from other provinces flooded in taking advantage of price differences.

Few if any of the larger domestic producers have released their first quarter financial results for the first quarter of 2020. Huaxin Cement has said that its sales fell by 36% and that this is expected to cause a profit drop of 46% year-on-year to US$100m. Shanshui Cement has said likewise, although it has not released any forecasts. In its annual report for 2019 released in early April 2020, Anhui Conch said that the coronavirus had exerted a ‘short-term negative impact’ on the group’s business due to the slowdown in supply and demand in the construction materials industry. CNBM also acknowledged the situation in its 2019 report saying that it would, ‘impact on economic activity.’ CNBM’s subsidiary BNBM, a gypsum wallboard manufacturer, has released a forecast for the first quarter predicting a 90% drop in net profit due to poor sale volumes.

How this can inform the cement industries of other countries around the world that have enacted restrictions on their populations is unclear. China, as ever, is an exceptional outlier both economically and as a cement producer. Plus, the severity of how a country enacts a lockdown is crucial here. If the early reports above are indicative then half of Hubei’s clinker lines were forced to suspend production, demand for cement fell by 80% at the time the lockdown ended and imports headed in once transport networks were reopened. Issues were also noticed with labour shortages. Forewarned is forearmed as they say. The next point of focus will be how fast the Hubei and Chinese cement industry recovers from this shock. More on this as we have it.

Switzerland: The board of directors of LafargeHolcim will request its shareholders to approve the appointment of Philippe Block and Kim Fausing as new members at its annual general meeting (AGM), due to be held on 12 May 2020. The appointments are intended to add perspectives from academia and the building industry to the board.

Block, a Belgian national born in 1980, is a Professor of Architecture and Structure at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH) in Zurich, Switzerland. He is the founder and co-director of the Block Research Group at ETH where his research focuses on the analysis of unreinforced masonry structures, structural design, computational form finding and new construction techniques. Since 2014 he has served on the Academic Committee of the LafargeHolcim Foundation for Sustainable Construction.

Fausing, a Danish national born in 1964, began his professional career with the Hilti Group in Denmark 1990. He went on to run its operations then took over country operations in Austria and Japan before becoming Division President at its headquarters in Liechtenstein. In 2007 Fausing moved to the Danish Danfoss Group to assume the role of chief operating officer. In January 2008 he became a member of its executive committee, which he has chaired since July 2017 as president and chief executive officer (CEO).

Except for Paul Desmarais, Jr, all other existing members of the Board will stand for re-election, with Beat Hess remaining as chairman. Hess said, “on behalf of the entire Board of Directors I would like to thank Paul Desmarais, Jr, for his generous contributions over the past years. He will be missed. At the same time I am glad we can propose these two outstanding candidates. I’m confident they would strengthen our board’s expertise by adding vast experience from multinational corporations as well as the perspective of a renowned academic who has focused on creating sustainable solutions.”

Italy/The Netherlands: Cementir Holding has appointed the board of directors for the period 2020 - 2022 made up of nine members: Francesco Caltagirone as executive director, with Azzurra Caltagirone, Alessandro Caltagirone, Edoardo Caltagirone, Saverio Caltagirone, Fabio Corsico, Paolo Di Benedetto, Veronica De Romanis and Chiara Mancini, all acting as non-executive directors.

As the holding company is based in the Netherlands, directors Paolo Di Benedetto, Veronica De Romanis and Chiara Mancini have declared that they meet the independence requirements pursuant to the Dutch Self-Discipline Code. The meeting also appointed PricewaterhouseCoopers Accountants NV as auditor for the years 2021 - 2030. Cementir Holding reported a net profit attributable to shareholders of Euro83.7m for 2019.

Mexico: Elementia has announced the death of its board member Jaime Ruiz Sacristán who died on 12 April 2020. The company said that Sacristán worked with ‘tireless dedication’ at the company for 20 years to ‘build Elementia, contributing knowledge, talent and direction.’

During a distinguished career, Sacristán held positions such as president of the board of directors of the Mexican Stock Exchange, president, partner and founder of Grupo Financiero Ve por Más and president of the Mexican Association of Bankers. He was also a member of the board of directors of numerous companies in the financial, industrial and commercial sectors.

Francisco del Valle Perochena, chairman of the board at Elementia said, “I am very sad to report the death of a great man and friend. He will always be present in our lives and in our hearts. He leaves us an invaluable legacy as a professional and as a great human being. His temperance, wisdom, good sense and prudence are just some of the great qualities that we admired and respected in him.”

India: The impact of the coronavirus pandemic was visible in the financial performance of ACC, one of LafargeHolcim’s major Indian subsidiaries, during the three months to 31 March 2020. For the quarter, the company’s consolidated net profit fell by 6.6% on a year-on-year basis to US$42.1m, while net sales declined by 11% to US$448m on the back of a steep fall in volumes, which came to 6.6Mt, 12% lower year-on-year. ACC’s ready mix concrete (RMC) volumes remained stable at 930,000t.

The pandemic mainly impacted sales volumes in March 2020, whereas January and February 2020 saw healthy growth in both cement and RMC sales. ACC said that this was due to a focus on premium products, increase in value-added solutions in its ready mix business, cost reductions on the manufacturing side and logistics-derived savings. Input cost of raw materials were lower on account of material source mix optimisation and supply chain efficiencies. Consequently, the company’s earnings before interest, tax, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) for the first quarter increased by 10% year-on-year to US$76.4m.

Sridhar Balakrishnan, ACC’s managing director and chief executive officer (CEO), said, “We believe that with a high probability of a normal monsoon season, growth in the rural economy will revive and stay strong. We expect cement demand to increase in the medium term once the pandemic subsides and business operations commence”.

Pakistan: Fauji Cement has reported that its net profit fell by 88% to US$3.53m for the first nine months of its 2020 fiscal year, a period that ended on 31 March 2020. The company reported that its sales plunged, having previously made a net profit of US$32m in the first nine months of its 2019 fiscal year. Analysts reported that the company’s revenue saw a 2% year-on-year decline in sales to 0.71Mt during the nine-month period. Lower sales prices, currency depreciation and higher coal prices all contributed to the weaker performance.

Kazakhstan: The acting Minister of Industry and Infrastructure Development of Kazakhstan has signed an order regarding the regulation of several types of cement. This includes the provision for a ban on the import of cement from countries not within the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU) for six months from Monday 27 April 2020. Specifically the ban concerns cement clinkers, Portland cement, alumina cement and other forms of hydraulic cement.

US: Eagle Materials has sold its Western Aggregates and Mathews Ready Mix subsidiaries for a combined value of US$93.5m. Eagle’s President and chief executive officer (CEO), Michael Haack said that the transaction represented the sale of non-core assets on the heavy-side of the company that do not provide essential support to its primary cement plant network.

Qatar: The manufacturing sector of Qatar recorded a 2% month-on-month decrease in activity in February 2020 compared to January 2020. Cement and non-metallic mineral product production decreased by 1.6%.

Egypt: Cement sales have fallen by around 35 - 40% in Egypt. This is reported to be due a number of factors that has each taken a chunk out of demand, including coronavirus lockdown measures, the imminent onset of Ramadan and the start of the wheat harvest season. Cement sales prices are reported to have fallen as a result of the lower demand.