Displaying items by tag: Holcim

Switzerland/France: The Swiss multinational building materials producer Holcim has launched a global Innovation Hub to accelerate sustainable building at its Global Research & Development Center in Lyon, France. The Hub showcases Holcim's innovative and sustainable building solutions to scale up low-carbon, circular and energy-efficient buildings. Spread across three floors, it offers working spaces to host start-ups and think tanks to accelerate innovation together. It will also serve as a platform to explore the future of sustainable cities and their construction via interactive exhibits and events.

The showroom showcases how Holcim is decarbonising building across its lifecycle, featuring low-carbon materials like ECOPact concrete and ECOPlanet cement products, roofing and insulation systems that drive energy efficiency - from Elevate boards to Airium, and circular construction solutions, such as its proprietary ECOCycle circular technology platform to recycle construction demolition materials into new building solutions.

Nollaig Forrest, Holcim’s Chief Sustainability Officer, said, "It's a very exciting time for the building sector, with so much momentum in innovation to advance sustainable solutions. At Holcim we want to partner with the best and brightest innovators to accelerate the transition to low carbon, circular and energy-efficient buildings. Our Innovation Hub, within our Global Research & Development Center, is designed to host partners from start-ups to architects to explore new solutions together."

Europe: Six cement plants were reportedly issued around Euro88m in free European Union emissions allowances (EUA) from 2019 to 2022 despite the clinker kilns at the units being idle or running at low levels. Research by the Oil Price Information Service (OPIS) has revealed that plants operated by Buzzi, Cementos Portland Valderrivas (CPV), Cemex, Holcim and Votorantim Cimentos all benefited from the scheme despite only emitting 36,370t of CO2. The companies would then have been able to use the subsidy to cover emissions costs at other plants or sell the permits. OPIS identified five plants in Spain and one in Germany.

Egypt: Lafarge Egypt has confirmed that it is aiming to reduce its CO₂ emissions in excess of 20% by 2030. Its key steps to achieve this include increasing its use of alternative fuels and lowering its clinker factor, according to the Daily News Egypt newspaper. Chief executive officer Jimmy Khan added that the company is also working on developing digital methods to reduce emissions by improving transport logistics. The cement producer launched its Shatbna Masonry Cement product in 2022, part of parent company Holcim’s ECOPlanet range.

Holcim has set a worldwide target to reduce its gross Scope 1 CO₂ emissions from cement production of 22% by 2030 from a baseline of 590kg/t in 2018. It reported a 5% reduction to 562kg/t in its 2022 sustainability report. Ultimately the group is targeting net zero emissions from its activities by 2050.

Kenya/Uganda: Bamburi Cement’s profit after tax has been adversely affected by a tax claim in the first half of 2023. The cement producer said that its profit after tax was reduced due to the “settlement of corporation tax matters in Uganda.” Its turnover grew by 11% year-on-year to US$153m from US$138m in the same period in 2022. However, its profit after for tax fell by 7% to US$604,000 from US$652,000. As well as operating plants in Kenya, the subsidiary of Switzerland-based Holcim runs Hima Cement in Uganda.

Reporting by the Business Daily newspaper has revealed that the Uganda Revenue Authority (URA) started a review in 2020 of Hima Cement’s transfer pricing compliance between 2014 and 2018. The URA then raised its corporation tax assessment for Hima Cement in December 2022. Bamburi Cement has also faced additional penalties and interest charges from the Kenya Revenue Authority.

Nigeria: Lafarge Africa has installed a new bag filter at its 3.9Mt/yr Ewekoro cement plant in Ogun State. The filter cost US$8.51m. Lafarge Africa says that the equipment has successfully reduced the plant’s dust emissions to below 50mg/Nm³. The company said that it has made ‘significant adjustments’ to its production activities, besides introducing air quality measurement systems across a 10km radius of the plant.

Lafarge Africa’s head of health, safety and environment Rachael Ezembakwe said “Care for the environment and for our host communities is built into all aspects of our operations within the country. Our social impact is focused on the areas of the most need: education, empowerment, health and safety, and shelter/infrastructure.”

France: The French cement sector association, France Ciment, has called on the government to make ‘heavy investments’ in the industry amid its on-going transition to net zero CO₂ cement production. It estimated the total cost of its transition, which will include carbon capture, at Euro3.5bn,according to Les Echos newspaper. The association said that producers currently benefit from the government’s partial price cap on electricity for industrial plants. It sought clarity as to whether the cap will remain in force beyond its scheduled limit in 2025. Lafarge France said that capped prices covered 50 – 60% of its electricity consumption in 2022.

The Hungarian government recently enacted Emergency Decree 320/2023, taxing all CO₂ emissions from the country’s 40 or so largest industrial enterprises. The government used emergency powers to set up a new taxation scheme, which undercuts existing free allowances under the EU emissions trading scheme (ETS). The scheme additionally penalises the trade in ETS credits. Cement producers announced that the new regulations will make it impossible for them to keep operating.¹

With regard to Hungary’s six active cement plants, the scheme comprises:

1 – A Euro20/t tax on CO₂ emissions, effective retroactively from 1 January 2023, payable by any large enterprise that uses EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) free allowances to cover the majority of its CO₂ emissions. Plants that decrease their production, or that carry on non-CO₂-emitting activities at over 10% of their operations, will pay a higher rate of Euro40/t of CO₂.

2 – A 10% transaction fee for the sale of free allocations under the EU ETS, payable to the Hungarian Climate Protection Authority.

Less than three years ahead of full implementation of the EU carbon border adjustment mechanism (CBAM), the Hungarian government has seemingly moved unilaterally against cement production – this in a country surrounded by seven other cement-producing countries. Multiple foreign cement producers connected to the major market of Budapest by rail, river and road will be watching developments with interest. These include CRH, which, besides two smaller plants inside Hungary, operates the 800,000t/yr Cementáreň Turňa nad Bodvou plant, immediately over the border in Slovakia.

This comes at a time when the domestic cement industry is facing historically high costs and low demand, with a 30% year-on-year decline in construction activity in July 2023, following double-digit inflation throughout 2022 and the first half of 2023.

Catastrophising may be a common symptom of environmental regulation in industry associations, but one can understand on this occasion. The Hungarian cement and lime industry association, CeMBeton, backed its members’ gloomy announcement about their future with an estimate for extra annual taxes of ‘several billion forints’ (1bn forint = US$2.84m), in a statement following the decree. Assuming annual CO₂ emissions of 565kg/t across its 5.4Mt/yr cement capacity, the sector might expect to pay US$61m/yr in CO₂ rates alone.^{2, 3} According to analyst ClearBlue, the government will raise additional tax revenues worth US$278m/yr across all of the 40 aforementioned heavy emitters in Hungary.⁴

It may seem surprising that CeMBeton did not even draw up a projected tax bill during consultations over the new tax scheme – but, in fact, no such consultations took place. In its most recent statement, the association said “We do not know the government’s intentions.” Outside of official releases, Hungary’s cement producers have not always been so reserved about the government’s perceived aim.

Global Cement reported in April 2023 that the Hungarian government was allegedly interfering in the cement sector to make producers sell up – as per accusations by an anonymous industry executive.⁵ There is arguably a course of action on the government’s part which, more or less, appears consistent with this aim:

October 2020 – The Hungarian Competition Authority (GVH) starts competition supervision proceedings against CRH, Duna-Dráva Cement and Lafarge Cement Magyarország.

July 2021 – Emergency Decree 2021/404 imposes a 90% tax on producers’ ‘excess’ profits, based on threshold cement sales revenues of Euro56/t. Additionally, producers must report their exports.

September 2021 – GVH finds insufficient evidence to support the initiation of competition supervisory proceedings in the cement industry.

January 2023 – (Retroactive) entry into force of CO₂ emissions tax.

May 2023 – The government of Hungary reportedly initiates negotiations to acquire Duna Dráva Cement and Holcim Magyarország, according to the Hungarian builders’ association, National Professional Association of Construction Contractors (ÉVOSZ). Duna Dráva Cement owners Heidelberg Materials and Schwenk Zement state that they have entered into no such negotiations, while Holcim declines to comment.

July 2023 – The Act on Hungarian Architecture lets the government dictate producers' volumes and prices and require them to supply cement to National Building Materials Stores (a proposed state-owned construction materials retail monopoly).⁶ Additionally, the government gains a right of first refusal over the divestment of any asset by the cement industry’s foreign owners.

20 July 2023 – The government enacts Emergency Decree 320/2023. ETS transaction fees enter into force.

The government can now expect a legal challenge to its latest move. CeMBeton’s first ally may be the font of all emissions legislation – the EU itself. Within the EU ETS framework, tax rates are down to member states to determine. However, the introduction of a transaction fee may constitute an illegal restriction to free allowances, OPIS News has reported. The association has also indicated its readiness to mount a constitutional challenge, specifically with regard to the legislative retrofit involved in the CO₂ emissions tax. The Fundamental Law of Hungary does not generally permit legislation to apply retroactively, though how courts will balance this consideration against the rights of the government is untested.

The government amended the constitution to provide for new emergency powers, and subsequently adopted them in May 2022, in response to the ‘state of danger’ created by Russia’s war in Ukraine – though its actions on the international stage suggest careful neutrality, if not ambivalence. At home, the war has brought a consolidation of the government’s control over various areas of life, including the economy, according to Human Rights Watch.⁷

Climate protestors around the world might be glad to see governments wield emergency powers against their own heavy industries. In Hungary, however, the wider sustainability goals are not yet clear with regard to a policy that seems, at least partly, politically motivated.

References

1. CeMBeton, Sajtónyilatkozat, 21 August 2023, https://www.cembeton.hu/hirlevel/2023-08-21/202308-mozgalmas-osz-ele-nezunk/116/sajtonyilatkozat/668

2. Heidelberg Materials, ‘Energy and climate protection,’ 2022, https://www.heidelbergmaterials.com/en/energy-and-climate-protection

3. Global Cement, Global Cement Directory 2023, https://www.globalcement.com/directory

4. OPIS News, ‘Hungary's New Carbon Tax Unlikely to Set EU Precedent, Say Analysts,’ 16 August 2023

5. Global Cement, 'Update on Hungary,' April 2023, https://www.globalcement.com/news/item/15572-update-on-hungary-april-2023#:~:text=Heidelberg%20Materials'%20subsidiary%20Duna%2DDr%C3%A1va,the%20country's%20active%20national%20capacity.

6. Daily News Hungary, ‘Hungarian government’s new nationalising plan could violate EU law,’ 27 February 2023, https://dailynewshungary.com/hungarian-govts-new-nationalizing-plan-could-violate-eu-law/

7. Human Rights Watch, ‘Hungary’s New 'State of Danger',’ 8 June 2022, https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/06/08/hungarys-new-state-danger

Canada: Lafarge Canada says that it successfully integrated 10,000t of recycled concrete waste in cement production at its St. Constant cement plant in Quebec using its ECOCycle Technology process. The year-long production trial constituted the first phase of Lafarge Canada’s pilot of ECOCycle Technology. The producer says that the achievement solidifies its leading position in North American circular construction innovation. Waste360 News has reported that concrete constitutes 4Mt (40%) of Canada’s 10Mt annual generation of construction and demolition waste.

President and CEO David Redfern said “By reusing construction and demolition wastes in the production of new building materials, we are reducing waste sent to landfill. Across Lafarge Canada, we’re evaluating any opportunity to decarbonise our operations, and circularity is part of this effort. This pilot is critical to demonstrate that we can effectively repurpose concrete waste, which goes a long way to conserve our naturally occurring resources and loops in construction sustainability - building new from old.”

Colombia: Holcim (Colombia) says that it has achieved 100% coverage of its cement and concrete range with environmental product declarations (EPDs).

CEO Marco Maccarelli said "This is in line with our global commitment to be a zero carbon company, and a vision of what we can contribute to sustainable construction in Colombia and the world.” He added "We want this new step we are taking to not only have a positive impact on the work of our customers, but also to contribute to sustainable construction, to obtaining environmental certifications for buildings and to inspiring the entire industry to work towards a more sustainable world today and in the future."

The release of the half-year financial results from many of the larger multinational cement producers in Europe and North America gives us the usual opportunity to examine how well the year has gone so far. In summary, each of the companies highlighted here increased its sales and earnings on a like-for-like basis. However, in many cases, but not all, sales volumes of cement fell. Notably, both Holcim and Heidelberg Materials did not appear to release these figures. Heidelberg Materials did say though that its sales volumes declined in all business lines as “a result of the global economic down-turn.” In Holcim’s case, on top of whatever else has been going on over the last six months, the group has continued to divest cement assets as it realigns its portfolio. One more interesting point to note is that, instead, Holcim and Heidelberg Materials highlighted their reductions in CO₂ emissions at the start of their half-year reports.

Graph 1: Sales revenue for selected multinational cement producers in the first half of 2023. Source: Company financial reports.

Holcim continued to expand its light building materials business segment in North America as well as picking up some aggregate and ready-mix concrete assets in North America and Europe. Its sales grew fastest in North America, although Europe generated more sales overall. Elsewhere the other geographic business areas all held up. The group’s Solutions & Products division, the one responsible for the light building materials, lost sales and earnings year-on-year. This was blamed on the “normalisation of buying patterns” in the roofing market in North America in late 2022 and carrying into 2023, leading to destocking in various distribution channels. How this might effect the group’s ongoing diversification strategy remains to be seen.

Heidelberg Materials was more upfront about the specifics of its cement business in the first half of 2023. Sales volumes fell in all business lines. For cement, the largest falls were reported in the Western and Southern Europe Group area due to a ‘significant’ decline in residential construction followed by the Africa-Eastern Mediterranean Basin area although a slight increase was recorded in deliveries in Asia-Pacific. That last region benefited from the local subsidiary increasing its cement and clinker deliveries in Indonesia. This was reportedly due to the company leasing the Maros cement plant in September 2022. The plant serves markets in the east of the country. Overall, despite the falls in revenue in many regions, the group pushed up its prices sufficiently to keep net sales revenue and earnings growing well.

Cemex, meanwhile, was keen to shout about its improved earnings in all of its regions. It attributed this to its price strategy, lowering input cost inflation and the growing effects of its investments portfolio and its Urbanisation Solutions business. Each of the group’s main regions – Mexico, the US and Europe – performed well, with Mexico growing sales the fastest, the US driving up earnings the most and Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia holding growth steady despite demand issues. Pricing was cited as a main issue for the success of each region.

Vicat’s sales and earnings rose due to increased sales volumes of cement and higher prices. At home in France, the company successfully fought off falling cement sales volumes with price rises, particularly due to energy price inflation. North America, the group’s other big market, grew strongly, boosted by the ramp-up of production and sales from the new kiln at the Ragland plant in Alabama. Finally, Titan experienced a similar situation to the other companies featured here, with increasing demand driving sales and further helped by prices. Earnings then grew in turn. Unlike the other companies, the US contributed a much larger share of sales for Titan than Europe or elsewhere. Back home in Greece the company’s sales and earnings benefited from increased sales volumes across all business lines. Both Vicat and Titan had mixed experiences in Egypt and Türkiye, with negative currency exchange effects causing problems in both countries, despite demand mounting in the latter.

On the basis of these financial results, it has been a positive first half for the larger cement companies based in Europe and North America. Cement sales volume growth has been mixed, where known, but price rises have compensated for this, leading to higher earnings. Whether these companies can continue to pull off this trick as or if global inflation starts to slow down is very much an ongoing question. As mentioned at the start, some of the companies also led their half-year reports with emission figures and many of them prominently highlighted forthcoming sustainability projects. These companies may be making most of their money in Europe and North America but there is clearly an awareness that these regions are also leading globally in implementing CO₂ emission legislation.