Displaying items by tag: Polish Cement Association

The Polish Cement Association (SPC) has taken a swing at mounting cement imports from outside of the European Union (EU) in recent weeks. Its ‘apocalyptic’ message was underlined by the name of a seminar it participated in at the European Parliament: “Is the end of cement production in the EU approaching?” The SPC’s primary target appeared to be imports from Ukraine. It said that, “...cement imports from Ukraine - only to Poland - have increased by almost 3000% over five years (2019 - 2024). (In 2024) it amounted to more than 650,000t, and forecasts for 2025 already indicate more than 1Mt.” However, it detailed other issues affecting the sector including high energy prices, the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (ETS) and decarbonisation costs such as carbon capture.

The SPC is clearly keen to find cross-country support in the EU. In its accompanying statement it said "The uncontrolled increase in imports - from Ukraine to Poland or Romania, and from Türkiye and Africa to Italy or Spain - is already directly threatening cement producers, and will only continue to rise until the full implementation of the CBAM. It shows that imports from outside the EU are not just a problem for Poland.” Representatives from the cement associations in the later countries - CIROM, AITEC and Oficemen - all added comments to the SPC statement.

The SPC has called for a customs quota on cement imports from Ukraine to Poland to be introduced. It also asked for the European Commission to extend the EU ETS indirect cost compensation scheme to include the cement sector in order to further hedge against rising energy bills. It argues that this measure is essential to keep the cement industry competitive both now and in the future. Future electricity consumption is expected to double as cement plants start to install carbon capture technology.

Graph 1: Domestic cement sales and imports in Poland, 2019 - 2024. Source: SPC, Eurostat. Note: 2024 sales estimated.

Data from the SPC suggests that domestic cement sales in Poland peaked at 19.4Mt in 2022. They fell by 12% year-on-year to 16.6Mt in 2023 and then appear to have grown to 17.1Mt in 2024 based on estimated data. It is hard to replicate the SPC’s methodology for determining cement imports into Poland based on Eurostat data. However, data in its Economic Impact Report published at the end of 2024 suggests that imports from Ukraine grew from 79,000t in 2019 to 332,000t in 2023. Any significant rise in imports of cement in 2024, as the local industry recovered from the decline in 2023, seems likely to have caused concern.

Polish concern at growing imports from Ukraine started to be expressed in the press from early 2024 onwards when the 2023 data became apparent. Germany had been the biggest source of imports from the mid-2010s. Yet Germany and Ukraine both supplied about 30% of total imports each in 2023. For example, SPC head Zbigniew Pilch noted in April 2024 that imports from Ukraine were growing steadily each month and represented nearly half of total imports in January 2024. He described these volumes as “deeply concerning.” The Association of Cement Producers in Ukraine (Ukrcement) later attempted to soothe Polish concerns in late 2024 looking at longer import trends and bringing up the challenges facing Ukraine-based producers operating in a warzone.

Concerns about imports from Ukraine in eastern countries in the EU go back decades but have been clouded by the war with Russia. This is now reasserting itself as import levels grow, the cost of decarbonising heavy industry becomes more urgent and the CBAM comes into force. That said , cement plants in Ukraine look unlikely to cope with the CBAM that well due to their relatively high emissions intensity. Yet, other exporting countries outside the EU with lower cement sector emissions intensities may simply displace their competitors. Hence, the SPC’s call for a quota. The kinds of arguments that the SPC is making about carbon leakage are likely to grow fiercer across the EU as the definitive stage of the CBAM, due to start in 2026, draws nearer. Will the current situation lead to ‘the end of cement production in the EU?’ Time will tell…

Poland: Cement producers are calling on the European Commission to introduce quotas on imports from Ukraine, to limit their volumes to 0.36Mt/yr. This figure is almost half of the 2024 figure. Poland imported 0.1Mt of cement from Ukraine in 2022, but more than 0.65Mt in 2024. Forecasts for 2025 exceed 1.0Mt, a 10-fold increase in just three years. Ukraine exported 1.7Mt of cement to EU countries in 2024.

The Polish Association of Cement Producers (ACP) believes that the increase in imports is already harming local cement plants, which it says are forced to compete with Ukrainian suppliers on unequal terms. Wlodzimierz Choluy, a member of the ACP's board of directors, emphasised that the effects of imports were becoming particularly noticeable in the border regions of Podkarpacie and Lublin voivodeships.

Polish manufacturers complain that Ukraine is not covered by the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS), meaning that Polish-made cement is at a cost disadvantage. This is known as ‘carbon leakage.’

Poland: Ukrainian cement exports to Poland account for less than 4% of Poland's production, indicating no need for a trade war, according to the Association of Cement Producers in Ukraine (Ukrcement). The association was responding to concerns raised by the Polish Cement Producers Association, which stated that imports of Ukrainian cement into Poland could triple from 0.5Mt in 2024 to 1.5Mt in 2025.

Ukrcement stated that the export of Ukrainian cement to Poland had historically been minimal, accounting for only 0.2-0.3% of Poland's total cement production in 2021, amounting to 53,400t. "Before the full-scale invasion, the export of cement from Ukraine to Poland was symbolic in nature, dictated by the logistics of consumer choice in the border areas of Ukraine-Poland," the association said.

However, since the start of the full-scale war, exports to Poland have significantly increased, partly due to a significant reduction in domestic cement consumption in Ukraine, from 10.5Mt in 2021 to 6.1Mt in 2023.

"If we compare the export of cement from Ukraine to Poland during the war with the total production volumes in Poland, we get a figure that does not exceed 4%. Is this indicator such a decisive factor for cement producers in Poland?" Ukrcement asked.

Poland: Imports of Ukrainian cement to Poland are expected to rise from over 500,000t in 2024 to 1.5Mt in 2025, according to Ukraine Business News. Before the war, Ukraine consumed 12Mt/yr of cement, now reduced to 4Mt/yr, with the surplus exported mainly to Poland. Ivano-Frankivskcement, Ukraine’s largest producer, is currently expanding its capacity to 4Mt/yr, which could threaten the Polish cement industry.

The Polish Cement Producers Association said “The uncontrolled cement flow from Ukraine is unfair competition, since its producers do not bear the EU’s climate policy costs. Therefore, we cannot compete with Ukrainian imports.” It demands limiting duty-free imports to the average level of the past three years during the 2025 EU-Ukraine trade agreement review.

Poland: The Polish Cement Association reported a 12% fall in cement production in 2023, with output reaching 16.6Mt, according to data from the Central Statistical Office. The decline reflects challenges faced by the construction sector amidst a slowing economy, despite a slight GDP growth of over 0.2%.

Zbigniew Pilch, chief marketing officer of the association, said "2023 was a difficult year for the construction sector as the economy slowed down while GDP grew by a little over 0.2%." The initial data for 2024 suggests a potential rebound in the Polish cement industry, however, with Pilch adding "In February 2024, cement production totalled 1.2Mt, which represents a 33% year-on-year increase.”

Poland: The Polish Cement Association (SPC) has forecast a 2% year-on-year drop in cement sales to 18.5Mt in 2021. President Krzysztof Kieres attributed the fall to growing imports and reduced construction due to a cold start to the year. He predicts that sales will rise again, by 4% to 19.3Mt, in 2022.

The SPC has warned that the industry faces large costs in meeting the European Green Deal’s required 40% CO₂ emissions reduction by 2030 and achieving carbon neutrality by 2050. In particular, the local industry noted that the rising European Union (EU) CO₂ price has caused a direct increase in electricity prices. It has called on the government and the EU to compensate it for this rise.

Imports of cement also present a key challenge. In 2020, imports of Belarusian cement increased by 80% to 440,000t and imports of Ukrainian cement increased by 50% to 32,000t. The association expressed strong support for the European Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) as a means of protecting the industry against imports both from neighbouring countries outside the EU and via polluting shipping from cement exporters further afield such as Turkey.

Poland: The Cement Producers Association (CPA) has celebrated the 30th anniversary of its founding with the release of a report entitled ‘The Influence of the Cement Industry on the Polish Economy.’ The report states that the industry’s 13 cement and grinding plants, which employ 3500 people across the country, have received Euro2.23bn in investments since 1990.

CPA chair Krzysztof Kieres said, “We have started actions aimed at achieving emission neutrality at our 60th anniversary in 2050. These ambitious climate goals, the economic situation and legislative changes constitute new challenges for the cement industry, and it needs to look for partners with similar goals - to care for the development of the construction industry and the entire Polish economy.”

Poland: Krzysztof Kieres, the general director of Dyckerhoff Polska, has been elected as the new chairman of the Polish Cement Association. The term of office lasts four years and he succeeds Ernest Jelito, the president of Górażdże Cement, in the role.

Kieres, aged 64 years, is a graduate of the Faculty of Economics and Sociology at the University of Lodz. He holds experience with various construction companies, including Germany’s Bilfinger. He has worked for Dyckerhoff, part of Italy’s Buzzi Unicem, for 20 years as a financial director and the general director.

The association has also elected Dariusz Gawlak, the president of the board of the Warta Cement, as its vice chairman. Other new members of the board include: Włodzimierz Chołu, Cemex Polska; Xavier Guesnu, Lafarge Cement; Janusz Miłucha, Grupa Ożarów; and Andrzej Reclik, Górażdże Cement. The association has also accepted Andrzej Ptak as an honoury member.

Poland: Ernest Jelito, the president of Górażdże Cement, has been elected as the chairman of the Polish Cement Association. He succeeds Andrzej Ptak, president of the Ożarów SA Group, who will leave the post following his retirement at the start of 2019.

Jelito was born in 1958. He is a graduate of the AGH University of Science and Technology in Kraków. He originally started to work for Górażdże Group in 1982. From 2001 to 2005 he was the general director of the Górażdże Group. Then for the next 11 years he was the technical director of HeidelbergCement. Since 2015 has been the president of the board of Górażdże Group and its general director.

Poland: Dyckerhoff Polska has been award the ‘Certain Cement’ quality certificate by the Polish Cement Association. The award has been given to cement producers since 2010. It recognises high standards and technical specifications across the cement production process and distribution. Winners can use the ‘Certain Cement’ on their packaging. Previous winners include Cemex Polska, Górażdże Cement, Grupa Ożarów, Lafarge Cement, Cementownia Warta, Cementownia Odra and Cementownia Kraków - Nowa Huta.