Displaying items by tag: Import

Georgia: Cement imports rose by 16% year-on-year to 0.78Mt in the first eleven months of 2021 from 0.68Mt in the same period in 2020. Data from the National Statistics Office of Georgia and the Trend News Agency show that the value of these imports increased to US$40.2m from US$34.6m. Azerbaijan was the leading cement exporting nation to Georgia with a 75% share followed by Turkey with most of the rest. Russia, Greece and Germany have also exported cement to Georgia so far in 2021.

Sri Lanka: Tokyo Cement has commissioned its new 0.45Mt/yr cement terminal at the Port of Colombo in Western Province. The company invested US$12.3m in the facility. It is equipped with three 6000t cement silos. The Daily News newspaper has reported that it will increase the company’s total import capacity to over 1Mt/yr from 0.6Mt/yr. Tokyo Cement says that this will ensure an uninterrupted supply of cement to customers in Western Province.

The cement producer also started work on a 1Mt/yr upgrade project at its Trincomalee plant in November 2021. The work is scheduled for completion in early 2023. Once finished the cement producer will have a total production capacity of 4Mt/yr.

Trinidad & Tobago: The government has reacted to a 15% rise in the price of cement by increasing imports and delaying an increase in taxes on the commodity. The country’s sole producer, Trinidad Cement (TCL), says that its price rise is set to start on 20 December 2021, according to the Trinidad Express newspaper. It has blamed this on mounting input costs such as gas, spare parts and other materials.

However, the Ministry of Trade and Industry (MTI) told the cement producer that it viewed any price rise as ‘unacceptable’ given that 90% of inputs to production were local. In response the government has doubled the quota for cement imports to 150,000t in 2022 with each individual importer receiving a 50% boost to their own quotas. It has also agreed with the Council for Trade and Economic Development (COTED) of the Caribbean Community (CARICOM) to suspend the Common External Tariff (CET) on hydraulic cement and a planned rise in the duty to 20% for one year to the end of 2022.

TCL’s competitor Rock Hard Cement, a cement importer, ended local operations in August 2021 after losing a court case against the country’s Ministry of Trade and Industry in July 2021.

India: Ratings agency Crisil has forecast 11 – 13% year-on-year growth of cement sales volumes in the 2021 financial year. The Press Trust of India has reported that the agency predicted that high demand and increased fuel costs would precipitate a rise in cement prices to record levels before April 2022.

In December 2021, petcoke prices rose by 80% year-on-year, while the price of imported coal had more than doubled. This has increased cement producers’ costs by 40%.

Zimbabwe: Industry and Commerce Minister Sekai Nzenza says that the government will continue to issue cement import permits until local production returns to normal. The situation has been blamed on a breakdown at Lafarge Zimbabwe’s cement plant, according to the Herald Zimbabwe newspaper. The company is importing cement from Zambia to compensate. A roof collapse over the mill at Lafarge Zimababwe’s Manresa plant was reported in October 2021.

Philippines: The Philippines Department of Trade and Industry has enacted a temporary duty on some imports of cement from Vietnam. The Manila Times newspaper has reported that the measure will be in force until April 2022 and only apply to ‘dumped’ cement. Importers will pay a duty of between US$1.02/t and US$10.50/t on ordinary Portland cement and between US$1.16/t and US$12.80/t on blended cement.

The measure follows a probe carried out on the basis of a petition by domestic cement producers APO Cement, Holcim Philippines, Republic Cement and Solid Cement. The probe found that the domestic cement industry had suffered a loss of market share and declining domestic sales between July 2019 and December 2020.

Trade Secretary Ramon Lopez said "We do not anticipate that these duties will result in an increase in the retail price of cement, because its effect on landed cost is minimal.” He added “Any price increases in imported cement will be discouraged by competition from domestic cement producers. The provisional anti-dumping duties will be imposed only on specific Vietnamese exporters found to be dumping cement to the Philippines. Vietnamese exporters who are not dumping can continue to export cement without having to post the provisional anti-dumping cash bond.”

South Africa: PPC’s revenue grew by 20% year-on-year to US$324m in the first half of its financial year to 30 September 2021 from US$269m in the same period in 2020. Its earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) increased by 13% to US$59.6m from US$52.9m. The group reported that cement sales volumes rose by 12 – 15% in South Africa and Botswana due to strong retail demand. It also described new procurement measures supporting locally produced cement for government-funded project as “an essential first step in ensuring the economic sustainability of the South African cement industry.” It noted cement sales volumes growth of 19% in Zimbabwe despite local economic problems, but earnings declined due to additional costs incurred in importing clinker and an unplanned kiln shutdown. In Rwanda the group noted flat sales volumes and falling earnings due to a coronavirus-related lockdown.

Tanzania: Prime Cement has received a 50,000t shipment of Saudi clinker via the Port of Tanga. The Daily News newspaper has reported that the clinker will continue its journey by road to Rwanda.

Prime Cement’s business operations manager Mvayo Fabrice said "I call upon Tanzania Ports Authority to continue marketing the Port of Tanga so that we can receive more cargo and boost the regional economy and people's welfare."

Uzbekistan: The government has extended its suspension of tariffs on imports of cement until 1 November 2021. Business World Magazine News has reported that the policy aims to reduce the cost of housing. In order to support the domestic cement industry, producers’ tax rate will be reduced to 15% from 20%. The government will also halve taxes on natural resources.

The news from Sri Lanka this week is that Lanwa Sanstha Cement is preparing to commission a new 3Mt/yr grinding plant in January 2022. The timing is apposite given the current shortages in the country.

Some inkling of local problems can be seen in the cement news over the last few months. In August 2021 Insee Cement said that it was operating at full capacity utilisation across its network. Later, at the end of October 2021, the government intervened in the import market by opening up the use of Trincomalee Harbour. This was followed by the nation’s other main producer, Tokyo Cement, announcing that it too was operating its grinding plant at Trincomalee at full capacity. It also said that, at the government’s behest, it was going to increase its import rate.

The new Lanwa Sanstha Cement unit originally came to international attention when Germany-based Gebr. Pfeiffer revealed details in 2019 of an order of two MVR 5000 C-4 type roller mills from Onyx Group. Lanwa Sanstha Cement has since said that the plant will cost US$80m. Once operational the unit at the Mirijjawila export processing zone of the Hambantota International Port will manufacture ordinary Portland cement, Portland slag cement, Portland limestone cement and blended hydraulic cement. A further equipment order for the project was announced this week when the Chinese-run Hambantota International Port Group signed an agreement with Lanwa Sanstha Cement to build a conveyor from the port to the plant. The deal also includes two ship unloaders.

Other new cement units on the horizon include an integrated plant project from Nepalese businessman Binod Chaudhary that was announced in mid-2019. The US$150m plant was planned for Mannar in the north of the island. However, not much more has been heard since then. Chaudhary’s company CG Cement operates a grinding plant in Nepal. More recently, in October 2021, local press reported that the government had tentative plans to build a new plant at the old state-owned Kankesanthurai site, also in the north. The plant was originally built in the 1950s and production ran until 1990 when the military took over the unit amid the then on-going civil war. Earlier in 2021 the government agreed to sell off the machinery at the site. However, much of it has gone missing in the intervening period! Proposals to revive the plant have circulated since the mid-2010s.

Graph 1: Cement production and imports in Sri Lanka, 2015 – 2021. Estimate for 2021 based on January to August data. Source: Central Bank of Sri Lanka.

The Sri Lankan cement market has faced a tough time over the last two years. First, total local production and imports fell by 11% year-on-year to 7.2Mt in 2020 from 8.1Mt in 2019. Then, imports fell by 18% year-on-year to 1.83Mt from January to August 2021 from 2.24Mt in the same period in 2020. Local production has more than compensated though, leading to growth in the total so far in 2021. There have been general economic reasons for why the ratio of imports to local production has fallen in 2020 and 2019 and this is explained in more detail below. Yet, imports hit a high of 5.68Mt in 2017 and have been declining since then both in real terms and proportionately.

Insee Cement summed up the local situation in its third quarter results by blaming cement shortages on input cost rises, supply chain disruption and negative exchange rates effects. The first two problems are issues everywhere around the world as economies speed up again following the coronavirus lockdowns but the last one is more specific to Sri Lanka. The country has faced a recession in its economy because the pandemic shut down tourism. The government initially introduced import limits to try and control foreign currency reserves. It then imposed price controls on essential foods and commodities, including cement, in September 2021 to try and stop shortages but this plan was abandoned a month later. Focusing on cement, some idea of the input cost inflation facing the sector can be seen in Tokyo Cement’s latest quarterly financial results. Its cost of sales rose by 72% year-on-year to US$59.5m in the six months to end of September 2021 from US$34.5m in the same period in 2020.

Lasantha Alagiyawanna, the State Minister of Consumer Protection, said at the end of October 2021 that it would take three weeks to import the required cement into the country. Whether this is enough to end the shortage remains to be seen. Yet, whatever does happen, it is likely that more production capacity from the likes of Lanwa Sanstha Cement and others will be welcome in 2022 and beyond.