Displaying items by tag: Import

An acquisition in Uzbekistan by Russia-based Akkerman Cement this week highlights resurgence in the local market.

The subsidiary of USM has just purchased a majority stake in Akhangarancement with the help of financing from Gazprombank. No value for the acquisition has been disclosed. However, the move follows the sale of Russia-based Eurocement to Smikom in early 2021. Then in June 2021 Eurocement sold off its majority stake in Akhangarancement to Cyprus-based Lamanka Enterprises for US$53m. Now, as part of the sale to Akkerman Cement, the start of a new 2.5Mt/yr dry process production line at Akhangarancement in 2021 has also been highlighted. As for Akkerman Cement’s interest in become a multinational cement producer, it said that, “The investment in Akhangarancement, like all USM investments in Uzbekistan, is primarily aimed at the development of this country, the small homeland of Alisher Usmanov, the main shareholder of USM.”

Aside from any potential sentimental yearnings from a billionaire, the Akhangarancement deal follows a few developments in the Uzbek market in recent months. At the start of January 2022 the state assets management agency UzAssets agreed to sell the government’s majority stake in Qizilqumcement for US$174m to United Cement Group (UCG). This was a significant move locally given the size of UCG in the Central Asian states. UCG operates two integrated plants and one grinding unit in Uzbekistan. The acquisition of Qizilqumcement’s 3.4Mt/yr plant now makes UCG the largest cement company by production capacity in the country. It has also been building a new production line, like Akhangarancement, with commissioning last reported as scheduled as sometime in 2022.

Finally, the other recent development in Uzbekistan occurred in December 2021 when China-based Anhui Conch announced that it had started building a new 2.5Mt/yr cement plant in the Akhangaran district in Tashkent. The project has a price tag of US$200m.

Graph 1: Cement production in Uzbekistan, 2016 – 2020. Source: State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Statistics.

In early 2021 the government suspended tariffs on cement imports and this was then later extended into late 2022. President Shavkat Mirziyoyev says he signed the decree to keep house prices low. Subsequently, imports grew by 26% year-on-year to 2.2Mt in the first nine months of 2021. The main importers were Kazakhstan (44%), Tajikistan (25%) and Kyrgyzstan (25%). Graph 1 above shows recent annual production trends over the last five years. So far in 2021, to September 2021, overall domestic cement production rose by 17% to 9.08Mt. In 2020 annual production was about the same as the country’s production capacity of 10.3Mt/yr.

The mixture of Russian and Chinese companies involved with the recent plant acquisitions and new projects chimes with the general position of the Uzbek economy and its geographical position between the larger economies of Russia and China. For example, January 2022 data from the Uzbek State Statistics Committee showed that bilateral trade with Russia overtook that with China in 2021 for the first time since 2014. The two countries have had similar trade turnover with Uzbekistan over this period. Since the mid-2010s the national economy has liberalised and investment by foreign companies into industries like cement reflects this. The sale of Qizilqumcement also shows the further movement of state assets into private ownership. With apparent production utilisation closing to 100% and the government encouraging imports, it’s a good time to be a cement producer in Uzbekistan. Accordingly, foreign cement companies are investing.

Sri Lanka: The National Construction Association of Sri Lanka (NCASL) claims that no quality control checks are being conducted on imports of cement. The association says that there are labels printed on cement bags confirming that they were quality checked by the Sri Lanka Standard Institute (SLSI) but that it has no evidence of such checks actually being carried out, according to the Sri Lankan Daily Mirror newspaper. It has asked for the authorities to show evidence that the quality control checks are actually taking place.

Sri Lanka faced a shortage of cement in the autumn of 2021 due to input cost rises, supply chain disruption and negative exchange rates effects. The NCASL reports that most cement imports come from India or Pakistan.

Peru: Cement production grew by 41% year-on-year to 12.9Mt in 2021 from 9.14Mt in 2020. Data from the Association of Cement Producers (ASOCEM) shows that cement and clinker exports increased by 43% to 205,000t and by 128% to 707,000t respectively. Cement and clinker imports rose by 23% to 884,000t and 131% to 1.55Mt respectively. In December 2021 94% of cement imports came from Vietnam and the majority of clinker imports came from South Korea. ASOCEM added that the recovery of local cement despatch levels from July 2020 was a sign that the market had recovered after the start of the Covid-19 pandemic.

Ghana: The Ministry of Health has responded to criticism from the Chamber of Cement Manufacturers (COCMAG) about disinfection measures being used at ports. It said that it was being used to on the exterior of imported goods and cargo to control or kill infectious agents. It added that the procedure was being implemented on any vehicle that crossed designated biosecurity zones without exception.

“It is obvious that COCMAG, of which you are the executive secretary, does not have much information about the disinfection health service, its applications and the benefits of such a service,” said the ministry in a statement in response to comments in the local press by COCMAG’s leader George Dawson-Ahmoah. It added that the fee for the service was to protect the local economy from the effects of diseases such as Ebola and Covid-19 and that sea ports were, “one of the most infected areas in the country.”

COCMAG has lobbied the government to scrap the disinfection or fumigation levy on cement imports at the country’s ports. It argues that such measures are unnecessary for dry cargo such as clinker, limestone, and other cement raw materials, according to the Ghana News Agency. The levy adds a reported US$0.50/t of cement.

Puerto Rico: Cemex Puerto Rico has successfully renewed its licence for use of Pier 16 at the Port of San Juan until 2042. Puerto Rico Ports Authority executive director Joel Pizá Batiz estimated Cemex Puerto Rica’s contribution to the territorial economy to be US$20m in 2020 and its total investments in the island to be US$400m.

The Metro Puerto Rico newspaper has reported that Puerto Rican cement consumption was 590,000t in 2020.

India: UltraTech Cement plans to invest US$129m in capacity expansion projects in order to increase the production capacity of its Birla White brand white cement by 93% to 12.5Mt/yr from 6.5Mt/yr. The Aditya Birla subsidiary says that it will commission the new capacity in a phased manner. The investment aims to strengthen Birla White cement’s presence in the growing white cement market and to reduce its dependence on high-cost imports.

Kazakhstan: Steppe Cement sold US$83.4m-worth of cement in 2021, up by 16% year-on-year from its US$71.7m-worth in 2020. Its sales volumes totalled 1.69Mt for the year, up by 2.4% from 1.65Mt in 2020. It exported 202,000t of cement, down by 57% from 86,500t. The company said that production limitations prevented it from fully meeting demand, and it concentrated on local markets. Regarding its outlook in 2022, Steppe Cement said “We have a healthy cash balance and are continuing our capital expenditure (CAPEX) programme to increase the production capacity of the company by 5% by mid-2022.”

Dow Jones Newswires has reported that Kazakhstan’s 2021 full-year cement consumption was 11.6Mt, up by 23% year-on-year from 9.4Mt in 2020. A rule change to pension withdrawals permitting allocations for home improvement and construction bolstered demand growth. Exports fell by 20% to 1.6Mt from 2Mt, while imports rose by 33% to 800,000t from 600,000t.

Montenegro: State-owned energy supplier Elektroprivreda Crne Gore (EPCG) has proposed the gradual shutdown of its Pljevlja coal-fired plant and its replacement with a new cement plant. The company said that such a plant would eliminate Montenegro’s 750,000 – 800,000t/yr of cement imports.

The first stage of the Pljevlja power plant’s shutdown will only commence once a replacement power facility is online. Currently, the plant supplies 40% of the country’s energy. Its closure is part of Montenegro’s plan to accede to the EU as soon as 2025.

Georgia: Cement imports rose by 16% year-on-year to 0.78Mt in the first eleven months of 2021 from 0.68Mt in the same period in 2020. Data from the National Statistics Office of Georgia and the Trend News Agency show that the value of these imports increased to US$40.2m from US$34.6m. Azerbaijan was the leading cement exporting nation to Georgia with a 75% share followed by Turkey with most of the rest. Russia, Greece and Germany have also exported cement to Georgia so far in 2021.

Sri Lanka: Tokyo Cement has commissioned its new 0.45Mt/yr cement terminal at the Port of Colombo in Western Province. The company invested US$12.3m in the facility. It is equipped with three 6000t cement silos. The Daily News newspaper has reported that it will increase the company’s total import capacity to over 1Mt/yr from 0.6Mt/yr. Tokyo Cement says that this will ensure an uninterrupted supply of cement to customers in Western Province.

The cement producer also started work on a 1Mt/yr upgrade project at its Trincomalee plant in November 2021. The work is scheduled for completion in early 2023. Once finished the cement producer will have a total production capacity of 4Mt/yr.