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A few news stories from Chile give us the opportunity to take at look at the local cement market this week. Firstly, Freehill Mining was keen to promote a new order it has obtained from Cementos Melón. The Australia-based company operates magnetite mineral concessions at Yerbas Buenas, about 500km north of Santiago. The US$180,000 deal starts in March 2024 but the raw material supplier says it is currently negotiating a longer-term supply contract with Melón for larger volumes in the future.

A large order for raw materials is not unusual, although the public nature of the Freehill Mining one suggests that the mining company is promoting itself. The story also highlights the importance of the mining sector in Chile. However, a wider view of the Chilean cement sector could be glimpsed recently from the latest cement despatch data from La Cámara Chilena de la Construcción (CCHC). Despatches fell by 11% year-on-year to 5.2Mt in 2023 from 5.9Mt in 2022. As can be seen in Graph 1, despatches recovered in 2021 following the first year of the Covid-19 pandemic but they have declined since then.

Graph 1: Cement despatches in Chile, 2018 – 2023. Source: La Cámara Chilena de la Construcción.

Two of the three larger cement producers have reacted to these market conditions in the last couple of years by cutting costs. Cementos Melón started a restructuring process in late 2022 whereupon it closed down a concrete plant at Penalolen near Santiago and embarked on a spending review. Its income fell by 4% year-on-year to US$182m in the first nine months of 2023, from US$189m in the same period in 2022. Cemento Polpaico followed suit in November 2023 by closing two concrete plants in the Santiago Metropolitan Region and temporarily suspending operations at its Quilicura cement grinding plant with work shifted to the integrated Cerro Blanco plant instead. In June 2023 it reported that its income had risen slightly year-on-year for the first half of 2023, but it noted a loss compared to a profit previously. Cbb (formerly Cementos Bío Bío) managed to avoid the fate of its peers mainly through the performance of its lime division. Its cement and concrete shipments fell by 9% and 15% year-on-year to 775,000t and 750,000m3 respectively in the first nine months of 2023. It blamed the falling sales volumes on a decline in economic activity that dragged upon investment in infrastructure and housing. However, lime shipments grew by 2% following tough trading conditions in 2022 due to high fuel costs, amongst other reasons. Altogether this meant that the company’s earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 54% to US$44.3m from US$28.8m.

Finally, a third news story this week illustrated one reaction to the poor construction market in Chile, when Unacem Chile announced that it was buying two concrete plants, at San Antonio and Talca. Once the US$1m deal completes, the subsidiary of Peru-based Unión Andina de Cementos (UNACEM) will hold 12 concrete plants in the country. This follows its entry into the market in 2018 when it acquired Hormigones Independencia from Cementos Polpaico. In December 2023 Grupo Gloria subsidiary Cal y Cementos Sur (Calcesur) said that it was preparing to strengthen its presence supplying lime to the mining sector both at home in Peru and in neighbouring countries including Chile. While this isn’t a cement story, Grupo Gloria does operate the integrated Yura plant near Arequipa in southern Peru and this resonates with both the mining and lime sectors.

Chile’s cement market is suffering as the general construction market contracts. Yet as the stories from Freehill Mining and Calcesur show, the mining sector remains a key part of the national economy and this links to the cement industry. Another related story, for example, is a US$39m deal that Denmark-based FLSmidth signed in mid-2023 to supply equipment for a copper mine. Chile’s northern neighbour Peru has a cement sector that is nearly twice as large based on production capacity and some of its producers look internationally for expansion opportunities, as in the example of Unacem Chile. The CHHC didn’t hold back in mid-January 2024 when it said that it forecast that 2024 would be the worst year for investment and construction spending since the late 2010s. Yet it also expects the decline in the construction sector to slow as gains from government infrastructure spending continue to almost counteract falls in the private sector. Until the situation improves, it continues to lobby for economic reforms.

For more information on cement markets in South America read the feature in the February 2024 issue of Global Cement Magazine

Saudi Arabia: Yamama Cement Company has blamed a drop in sales in 2023 on a decrease in local demand. Its sales revenue declined by 7.2% year-on-year to US$250m in 2023 from US$268m in 2022. Meanwhile, the company’s net profit dropped by 14% to US$81.1m from US$94.9m.

Mexico: Cemex reported sales of US$17.4bn in 2023, up by 8% year-on-year from 2022 levels. Meanwhile, the group’s operating earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) rose by 20% to US$3.35bn. The producer said that strong product pricing in all markets and slowing costs inflation compounded the positive effects of its growth investment strategy. On a consolidated basis, Cemex’s cement sales volumes fell by 6% to 51.7Mt from 55.1Mt. They rose by 3% in Mexico but fell by 10% in Europe, Middle East, Africa and Asia, by 3% in South and Central America and the Caribbean and by 13% in the US.

Chief executive officer Fernando González said "I am pleased to announce that 2023 is a great year for our company where we delivered not only great results and recovered from the extraordinary inflationary pressures of the last few years, but also continued executing against our ambitious decarbonisation commitments, reducing our CO2 emissions by 4% year-on-year and by 13% since 2020. Despite the significant macro challenges of the last four years, we have proven not only the resilience of our business model but also our ability to pivot and adjust rapidly to changing global conditions. This foundation gives us additional flexibility in capital allocation, where we continue to accelerate investments in our bolt-on growth strategy, initiate a sustainable return programme for shareholders and bolster our capital structure."

India: The Ramco Cements plans to more than double the clinker capacity of its Kalavatala cement plant in Andhra Pradesh to 6.3Mt/yr at a cost of US$151m. The new Line 2 will be equipped with a 15MW waste heat recovery (WHR) unit. The line will raise the producer’s installed cement capacity to 26Mt/yr and its clinker capacity to 19Mt/yr with commissioned scheduled by early 2026. The Ramco Cements plans to source the funds through internal accruals and bank borrowings.

At the same time, the company will invest US$18.4m in the construction of a 10MW WHR plant at its Ramasamy Raja Nagar cement plant in Tamil Nadu, scheduled for commissioning by March 2025. Both WHR projects will raise The Ramco Cements’ total WHR capacity by 58% to 68MW.

The Ramco Cements said that Kalavatala plant is currently operating at full capacity utilisation. It added that it decided to expand the plant in response to this and further ‘demand potential.’ In the current, fourth quarter of the 2024 financial year (1 January – 31 March 2024), the company expects to make capital expenditure (capex) investments of US$47m, followed by US$205m in the upcoming 2025 financial year.

India: Sanghi Industries has received shareholder approval to supply its cement and clinker to ACC and Ambuja Cements. Additionally, Sanghi Industries will begin to purchase of coal from fellow Adani Group subsidiary Adani Enterprises, according to the Economic Times newspaper. Under the new arrangements, ACC and Ambuja Cements will sell Sanghi Industries’ cement and clinker under their own brands, at a price 10% above production cost. This is reportedly below industry pricing standards for comparable deals of 25 - 30% higher pricing over costs.

Adani Group subsidiary Ambuja Cements acquired a 57% stake in Sanghi Industries on 5 December 2023.

Tanzania: Huaxin Cement Tanzania Maweni Company has commissioned a new 4000t/day clinker line at its Mavini cement plant, after completing the Phase 2 of the plant’s construction. China Industrial and Economic Information Database has reported that this phase of construction commenced in August 2022. The new line is equipped with a 15MW biomass-fired power plant.

During the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021 – 2025), Huaxin Cement aims to quadruple its production capacity outside of China to 16.5Mt/yr. 6.07Mt/yr-worth of this will come online in 2024 and 2025. The company says that its strategy partly reflects the slowing of its domestic market since 2022.

Brazil: Investment banking and management company BTG Pactual will start receiving ‘binding proposals’ for prospective buyers of assets belonging to InterCement before the end of February 2024, Valor Online News has reported. These will reportedly include InterCement's stake in Argentina-based Loma Negra, as well as its Brazilian business. The latter may involve an outright divestment or the enlistment of a new significant partner. Companhia Siderúrgica Nacional (CSN) previously hired Morgan Stanley for negotiations with InterCement, and China-based Huaxin Cement has reportedly showed interest in its assets. While an outright acquisition might face challenges on grounds of competition, Brazilian market leader Votorantim Cimentos is nonetheless also ‘interested’ in a partial takeover. Continuing plant closures and debt-related asset disposals also potentially further complicate any deal. On the basis of CSN’s previous US$1bn acquisition of (10.3Mt/yr-capacity) LafargeHolcim Brazil, Valor Online News has estimated the sale price of InterCement’s Brazil business as US$1.6bn.

Vietnam: Financial management company SSI Securities Corporation says that it expects Vietnam’s cement consumption to ‘bottom out’ in the first quarter of 2024, before recovering ‘gradually’ throughout the rest of the year. Việt Nam News has reported that the anticipated recovery is the outcome of intensified investments in infrastructure by the Vietnamese government, beginning in late 2023. The cement sector also anticipates growing demand from export markets, including Australia, the US, Africa and South and Central America, as it lowers its reliance on exporting to China. Challenges persist in the form of protective measures or stricter standards in other markets, including the Philippines and Europe.

North America: Holcim has announced plans for a full capital market separation of its North American business. Subject to shareholder approval, it will subsequently list the business in the US in the first half of 2025. The group will communicate the final structure of the separation, which it expects to execute as a spin-off, later in 2024. Reuters has reported that Holcim chair and chief executive officer Jan Jenisch said that the North American business may attract a valuation of US$30bn upon listing, with Holcim retaining no stake. The business recorded an estimated earnings before interest, taxation, depreciation and amortisation (EBITDA) margin of over 27% in 2023. Following the US listing of the business, Holcim itself expects to continue its inclusion in the Swiss Market Index in Switzerland.

Jenisch said “Holcim has reached a new level of financial performance and a superior earnings profile with industry-leading margins and a strong balance sheet. The success of our North American business makes it the leading pure-play building solutions company in the region. With a US listing, we will unleash its full potential to be the partner of choice for our customers in one of the world’s most attractive construction markets. As we fully capitalise on the region’s infrastructure and construction boom, we will accelerate growth and unlock value for our stakeholders.”

Germany: Heidelberg Materials will stop producing clinker at its 700,000t/yr Hanover cement plant in Lower Saxony later in 2024, and transition the plant to grinding-only. The producer took the decision following a ‘significant drop’ in its cement sales, amid local low construction activity and a market shift towards lower-cement materials. Nonetheless, it intend to raise its capacity utilisation at its 1Mt/yr Ennigerloh, 900,000t/yr Geseke and 400,000t/yr Paderborn cement plants in neighbouring North Rhine-Westphalia. These will supply clinker to the Hanover grinding plant in future. Heidelberg Materials says that the plant's strategic location will ensure its continued importance in regional cement supply. Part of the 120-strong workforce at the Hanover plant will remain at the new grinding plant. The company will collaborate with the works council to find ‘acceptable solutions’ for the remainder of the team, possibly including intra-group transfers to other divisions and locations.

The Calix consortium’s on-going LEILAC 2 carbon capture project will now move from the Hanover plant to another Heidelberg Materials plant. Australia-based Calix is collaborating with Heidelberg Materials to identify a suitable new site as quickly as possible.