Displaying items by tag: China

China: The China Building Materials Federation has released plans to cut cement production capacity by 70Mt in 2019 as part of its efforts to reduce air pollution and increase industry efficiency through consolidation. Ideally the federation’s work plan wants the largest 50 national producers to cut all production lines with a capacity below 2000t/day and tp upgrade old technology on the remaining lines, according to Yicai Global. Typically larger cement production lines in the country manufacture 5000 – 7000t/day.

China produced 2.2Bnt of cement in 2018. The new work plan will order all cement companies to shut down production lines producing below 2000t/day in areas where pollution is high. The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region in northern China has been identified as one of these areas. The scheme also encourages industry consolidation, aiming to bring over 60% of national production to the top 10 cement makers, and wants to eliminate poor-quality cement products so that they make up less than half of all cement made. It wants to use mergers and restructuring to do this and it supports integration through cross shareholdings and asset exchanges.

Myanmar: Four local activists have been sentenced to 14 months hard labour for protesting in May 2018 against a new cement plant being built at Patheingyi Township in Mandalay Region. The residents of Aungthabyae, Patheingyi were charged and convicted of Roads and Bridges Law offenses for blocking a road to prevent access by vehicles, according to Radio Free Asia. The activists allege that they were not allowed to testify in court describing the process as ‘totally unfair.’

Around 20 people were injured in 2018 when police fired rubber bullets and tear gas into a crowd protesting against the construction of the Alpha Cement Plant, a joint venture between China’s Anhui Conch and a local company. During the protest, activists blocked factory vehicles and demanded compensation for land they claim they lost when a road was built to support the plant. Police said that over US$40,000 worth of damage was caused at the site. The cement plant is scheduled to be commissioned in 2021.

China: Huaxin Cement emitted 1.4Mt of CO₂ equivalent in 2018. About 60% of this came from process emissions from making clinker and about 30% came from burning fossil fuels. Additional emissions arose from electrical consumption.

The cement producer says that it implemented a variety of emission control and sustainability initiatives in 2018. These included improving its energy saving management, rollout of waste-heat recovery systems and other plant upgrades. It is also promoting so-called ‘green’ products. In January 2019 its Huaxin Fortune brand 42.5R grade Ordinary Portland Cement obtained low carbon product certification from the China Quality Certification Center.

China: Cosco Shipping Bulk, part of Cosco Group, has signed a strategic deal with Conch Logistics, the logistics subsidiary of Anhui Conch. The agreement will see the two companies jointly develop in the cement logistics sector, according to Asia Shipping Media. In December 2018 Anhui Conch ordered four 12,500DWT bulk carriers from the Jiangdong Shipyard with delivery scheduled in 2020. Cosco Shipping Bulk operates the largest bulker fleet in the world with total capacity of over 33MDWT.

There was a glimmer of good news visible through the Delhi smog this week with the launch of a market-based emissions trading scheme (ETS) for particulate matter (PM). A pilot has started at Surat in Gujarat. The scheme will apply to 350 industries in the locality and it will be scrutinised for wider rollout in the country.

China robustly started to tackle its industrial PM emitters a few years ago although the work remains on-going. In its wake India has increasingly made the wrong sort of headlines with horrifically high dust emissions. Delhi, for example, reportedly had PM2.5 emissions of over 440µg/m³ in January 2019. To give this some context, the World Health Organisation’s (WHO) annual upper guideline figure for safe human exposure is 10µg/m³. Research by the Financial Times newspaper suggested that more than 40% of the Indian population is subject to annual PM2.5 emissions of over 50µg/m³.

Air Quality Life Index (AQLI) research reckons that if India were able to meet its national PM2.5 standard of 40µg/m³ then its population would live 1.8 years longer or 4.3 years longer if it met the WHO guideline level. The current situation is an unnecessary tragedy. In strictly structural terms the country’s productivity is being thrown away by damaging the health of its workforce. For comparison amongst other major cement producing countries, AQLI data placed China’s PM2.5 emissions at 39µg/m³, Indonesia at 22µg/m³, Vietnam at 20µg/m³ the US at 9µg/m³. These figures cover all industries in different conditions and climates. If the US can do it, why not the others?

Back on trading schemes, the famous ETS at the moment is the European one for CO₂ emissions. Similar schemes are slowly appearing around the world as governments look at what the European Union (EU) did right and wrong. For example, South Africa started up a carbon tax in early June 2019. Yet as the supporting documents by the Gujarat Pollution Control Board (GPCB) point out there have been a variety of ETS systems’ over the years. The US’s Acid Rain Program is generally seen to have achieved significant reductions in SO2 and NOx emissions although the National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) has continued this work. Chile even ran its own PM ETS in the 1990s although the outcomes have been disputed.

One problem with a CO₂ ETS, and anthropomorphic or man-made climate change in general, is that it is intangible. Even if sea levels deluge major coastal cities, rising mean temperatures reduce agricultural yields and human populations contract sharply, people will still be arguing over the research and the causes. The beauty of a PM ETS is that if it works you can literally see and feel the results. A famous example here is the UK’s Clean Air Act in the 1950s that banished the fog/smog that London used to be famous for.

The Gujarat PM ETS is a pilot, the results of which will be considered by researchers from a number of US-based universities and the Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. Explicitly, the study plans to use a randomised control trial to compares its results against the command and control style approach used in the rest of the country. On the cement-side various Indian news stories have emerged as state pollution boards have increasingly started fining producers for emission limit breaches. Clearly the government is taking dust emissions seriously. Reduction is long overdue.

Guinea: LafargeHolcim Guinea has ordered a MVR 2500 C-4 vertical roller mill from Germany’s Gebr. Pfeiffer for its Sonfonia cement grinding plant in Conakry. The cement mill will have a total drive power of 1300KW. It has been designed to grind 75t/hr of CEM IV 32.5 and 69t/hr of CEM IV 42.5 to a specific surface of 3440cm²/g and 3340cm²/g acc. to Blaine respectively. The order for the mill was placed by the China’s CBMI working as a general contractor on the project. No value for the order has been disclosed.

Myanmar: Police say that protestors rioting about the Alpha Cement plant at Patheingyi, Kyaukse district in the Mandalay region in mid-May 2019 caused over US$40,000 worth of damage to the site. Residents armed with slings and rocks entered the site and set fire to buildings and vehicles, according to the Myanmar Times newspaper. A petrol bomb was also thrown at a building. The police are still looking for several people in relation to the incident.

Local residents were complaining about compensation related to the project as well as the use of Chinese nationals at the site. The plant, previously known as Myanmar Conch Cement, is a joint venture between Myanmar's Myint Investment Group and China's Anhui Conch. The unit is currently being upgraded to a production capacity of 5000t/day. Construction work started in late 2017. The unit is expected to be operational in 2021.

Tajikistan: The Ministry of Industry and New Technologies says that Mohir Cement plans to build a new 0.6Mt/yr cement plant in the Jaloliddini Balkhi district of Khatlon province. The project has a budget of US$30m, according to Asia Plus. As part of the agreement with the government, the cement producer has been granted a range of tax breaks on foreign workers and the import of equipment and materials required to build the plant. Mohir Cement currently operates a 1.2Mt/yr plant with Chinese investors known as Chzhungtsai Mohir Cement.

Vietnam: Long Son Cement has launched the Vu Dinh 125, a 7000t cargo ship at the Hai Phong Pacific Shipyards. The vessel will be used to transport bulk cement to the central and southern domestic markets and for export to China, Taiwan, Japan and the Philippines.

Iraq: Etihad Al Saqar has entered into a US$260m contract with China Machinery Engineering for a new cement plant. The unit will have a clinker production capacity of 6000t/day and will use a 52.2MW heavy fuel oil power plant, according to ET Net News. China Machinery Engineering, as the general contractor, will be responsible for the design, supply, civil engineering and construction, installation, training, commissioning, warranty and other works of the project. Construction is expected to last 30 months.