India: The Cement Manufacturers' Association (CMA) of India has signed a four-year wage settlement agreement with federations of major central trade unions, giving a raise of around US$70/month and other benefits. The agreement was signed with Indian National Trade Union Congress (INTUC), All India Trade Union Congress (AITUC), Bharatiya Mazdoor Sangh (BMS), Hind Mazdoor Sabha (HMS), Centre of Indian Trade Unions (CITU) and Labour Progressive Federation (LPF), according to the Press Trust of India. It will last from 1 April 2018 until 31 March 2022 and it is expected to apply to around 20,000 workers in the sector. The CAM represents 21 cement companies and it covers 60% of the country's total cement production capacity.

Trinidad: Austria’s Unitherm Cemcon has been awarded the contract for a rotary kiln burner for kiln 3 at Trinidad Cement’s 1230t/day plant. The burner for the wet process unit will be designed for natural gas and liquid alternative fuel. No value for the order has been disclosed.

The scope of supply includes: one MAS/5/EGSO model rotary kiln burner; a flame monitoring device for the rotary kiln burner; a gas electric ignition burner with control box and touch screen; kiln burner trolley engineering and main components for local manufacturing; primary air fan with sound protection housing; and an emergency cooling air fan.

Other recent projects from Unitherm Cemcon include the commissioning of a firing system for BUA Cement’s new plant in Edo State, Nigeria and delivery of firing equipment for a project in Argentina in late 2018.

Jamaica: Caribbean Cement’s revenue rose year-on-year by 6% to US$133m in 2018 from US$125m in 2017. Its profit more than doubled to US$18.7m to US$8.4m.

Philippines: Holcim Philippines has completed an upgrade at its La Union cement plant in Bacnotan. The unit now has a cement production capacity of 1.8Mt/yr from 1Mt/yr previously, according to the Manila Times newspaper. The improvements have been completed two months ahead of schedule. The upgrade is intended to support the development of North Luzon.

The expansion is part of a US$300m production capacity drive at its plants in the country. It plans to increase its national production capacity by 30% to 13Mt/yr by 2020. The second phase of the project involves installing new kilns, mills and a waste-recovery system at its plants in Bulacan and Misamis Oriental provinces.

India: JK Cement has invested nearly US$65m towards building two new grinding plants at Balasinor in Gujarat and Aligarh in Uttar Pradesh. The Balasinor plant will have a production capacity of 0.7Mt/yr, according to the United News of India. It will cost US$35m to build. The Aligarh plant will have an investment of US$30m.

UAE: Fujairah Natural Resources plans to build a clinker plant at a cost of US$150m at Habbab in Fujairah. Production at the site will start in December 2019, according to Emirates News Agency. The project is intended to boost the cement industry in Fujairah.

US: ZAG has reached a US$506,250 settlement with the US Department of the Treasury's Office of Foreign Assets Control (OFAC) over breaches on trade sanctions with Iran. Between mid-2014 and early 2015 OFAC says that ZAG purchased 263,563t of Iranian produced clinker via a company based in the UAE. The government body added that ZAG knew that the clinker came from Iran although it was assured at the time by the supplier that it was not subject to US sanctions. The clinker was then sold to a company in Tanzania. However, OFAC said that since ZAG voluntarily disclosed its violation of sanctions to the office it viewed the case as a so-called a ‘non-egregious case‘ and the resulting fine was far below the maximum.

Europe: Cemex has signed a deal to sell its assets in the Baltic and Nordic countries to Germany’s Schwenk for Euro340m. The transaction is expected to complete within the first quarter of 2019, subject to regulatory approval.

The Baltic assets being divested consist of one 1.7Mt/yr integrated cement plant in Broceni, Latvia, as well as four aggregates quarries, two cement quarries, six ready-mix concrete plants, one marine terminal and one land distribution terminal in that country. The assets divested also include Cemex’s approximate 38% indirect interest in a 1.8Mt/yr cement plant in Akmene in Lithuania. In addition, the exports business to Estonia is also included as part of the divestment.

The Nordic assets being divested consist of three import terminals in Finland, four import terminals in Norway and four import terminals in Sweden.

Kazakhstan: Dal Holding plans to build a 1.8Mt/yr cement plant in Aktobe region for around US$270m. The project will be a joint venture with the Aktobe Civic-Entrepreneurship Company (CEC), according to Interfax. The joint venture has been created and a road map has been signed. Construction at the site is scheduled to start in April 2019. Dal Holding is an engineering company that undertakes projects in the cement, mining and energy sectors. Previously, in 2016, China’s Huaxin Cement was linked to cement projects in the region.

One of the more interesting news stories in recent weeks was the completion of Oyak Cement’s acquisition of Cimpor. Previously we focused on the connection to Taiwan Cement (GCW377). Around the same time that the Oyak-Cimpor deal was announced in late October 2018 the Taiwanese company bought a 40% stake in the Turkish cement producer for around US$640m. However, as the world’s sixth largest cement producer by cement production capacity, Turkey is always a country worth keeping an eye on for both the Oyak deal and the wider industry.

Graph 1: Turkish domestic cement sales, 2007 - 2017. Source: Turkish Cement Manufacturers' Association (TÇMB).

Graph 2: Turkish cement and clinker exports, 2007 - 2017. Source: Turkish Cement Manufacturers' Association (TÇMB).

Data from the Turkish Cement Manufacturers' Association (TÇMB) shows that domestic cement sales have been rising steadily to 72.2Mt in 2017 after a blip in the late 2000s. So far 2018 has not kept the trend, with a drop of 2.01% year-on-year to 50.8Mt for the first nine months of 2018 from 51.8Mt in the same period in 2017. Turkey is also a major exporter of cement so these are the other figures to watch. After hitting a high of nearly 18Mt in 2010 they dropped for five years before rising again. The ratio of clinker in the exports total has also been growing recently. LIke domestic production ,exports were down at the nine month mark in 2018, by 1.8% to 9.9Mt, but the ratio of clinker exports has continued to grow.

Given the focus on exports for the Turkish market Oyak Cement’s international purchases via Cimpor widen its options. The deal covered assets in Portugal and Cape Verde including three integrated cement plants and two mills, with a total cement production capacity of 9.1Mt/yr. It’s not clear yet how Oyak wants to run its new foreign plants but it might be tempting to focus on a grinding model abroad using imported Turkish clinker depending on running costs. Back home in Turkey Oyak Cement is the largest local producer with a 15% market share. It operates seven integrated plants with a production capacity of 16Mt/yr according to Global Cement Directory 2019 data.

As for the other major companies, Akçansa, a joint venture of Sabancı Holding and HeidelbergCement, saw its sales rise by 4% to US$277m in 2017. Its sales volumes of cement and clinker rose but its exports fell by 13% to 1.3Mt. In its third quarter report for 2018 HeidelbergCement highlighted issues with the local economy such as high inflation, a currency crisis and a resulting loss of confidence.Sabancı also holds a majority stake in the other major producer, Çimsa Çimento. At the six month mark Çimsa Çimento reported that its sales grew by 35% year-on-year to US$162m and its net profit increased by 55% to US$23.2m. Notably, Çimsa also runs a number of international terminals in Germany, Italy, Spain, the disputed Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus and Russia, with distribution operations in Romania and the US also.

As mentioned above the general Turkish economy faced problems in 2018 when the value of the Turkish Lira dropped sharply in mid-2018 and interest rates soared. This led to a reduction in industrial output. On the cement side this is likely visible in falling local sales in 2018 and the switch to exports. Raw materials have also risen in this environment leading the president of the TÇMB to reassure the construction industry that the price of cement would not rise too sharply in 2019. Some of the eye-watering input hikes that he cited included a 76% rise in electricity costs, a 182% rise in the price of coal and a 170% rise in the price of petcoke. With this kind of backdrop the 2018 annual results for the Turkish producers may not make easy reading. Yet this also may explain why Oyak Cement moved overseas and allowed Taiwan Cement to invest in it when it did. Looking more widely it seems exports are likely to grow in the near future.